Lesson five Section a The battle against aids . PURPOSE Ch through a series of class activities and practices, present students with more ances to learn: 1. language points and information provided in the tey 2. what we can do to protect ourselves, our families, our friends and neighbours; 3. a general statement supported by a problem-solution pattern writing to achieve better comprehensive of the text and express their own opinion IL. FOCUSES: 1. the lessons from the battle against AIDS 2. Fighting against AIDS entails everyone's involvement and forces each of us to be an educator and learn to live II. TIME 50minutes x 2 IV PROCEDURE 1. Background Information AlDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, is a disease which destroys the natural method the body uses to protect against other diseases. It is a disease caused by the HIV(human immunodeficiency virus), but AIDS is different from HIV in that the former usually causes death while Hiv may lead to AlDS. HiV is spread in three ways: (1)contact with infected blood; (2)sex (3)mother-to-child. AIDS usually develops in four stages: (1)In the first stage, there is only nfection by HIV and antibody(抗体) production.(2) In the second stage, the lymph nodes(淋巴 结) enlarge(肿大).(3) In the third stage, an infected person may begin to have such signs(症状 tiredness, fever, and night sweats. (4) In the last stage, AIDS is diagnosed when a person develops certain uncommon, life-threatening illnesses, for example Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia(卡氏肺囊虫肺炎).In- depth coverage on AIDS and HⅤ can be found from http://dailynews.yahoo.com/fc/health/aidsHiv 2. Latino(pl. Latinos) Latino(pl. Latinos) is the name given to Hispanic American citizens in the United States who share the Spanish language in common but may be from different races or religions and different Spanish speaking countries. Latinos are the fastest growing group in the U.S. and expected to more than double in size by 2020. For a comprehensive list of latino resources on the internet, you cancheckoutthewebpageathttp://www.tenet.edu/latino/latino.html 3. HIV HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus. This is the virus that spreads through contact with infected blood, infected sexual partners or within the womb of an infected pregnant mother. After infecting a person, HIV can remain hidden in the body for long and different periods of time until it becomes active and develops into AlDS for which no known cure exists. The virus spreads very fast once contact has been made with an infected source. In-depth coverage on AIDS and HIV can befoundfromhttp://dailynews.yahoocom/fc/health/aidshiv
Lesson Five Section A The Battle Against AIDS I. PURPOSE Through a series of class activities and practices, present students with more chances to learn: 1. language points and information provided in the text; 2. what we can do to protect ourselves, our families, our friends and neighbours; 3. a general statement supported by a problem-solution pattern writing. to achieve better comprehensive of the text and express their own opinion. II. FOCUSES: 1. the lessons from the battle against AIDS. 2. Fighting against AIDS entails everyone’s involvement and forces each of us to be an educator and learn to live. III. TIME 50minutes x 2 IV PROCEDURE 1.Background Information 1.AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, is a disease which destroys the natural method the body uses to protect against other diseases. It is a disease caused by the HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), but AIDS is different from HIV in that the former usually causes death while HIV may lead to AIDS. HIV is spread in three ways: (1) contact with infected blood; (2) sex; (3) mother-to-child. AIDS usually develops in four stages: (1) In the first stage, there is only infection by HIV and antibody (抗体) production. (2) In the second stage, the lymph nodes (淋巴 结) enlarge (肿大). (3) In the third stage, an infected person may begin to have such signs (症状) as tiredness, fever, and night sweats. (4) In the last stage, AIDS is diagnosed when a person develops certain uncommon, life-threatening illnesses, for example Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia(卡氏肺囊虫肺炎 ). In-depth coverage on AIDS and HIV can be found from http://dailynews.yahoo.com/fc/Health/AIDS__HIV 2. Latino (pl. Latinos) Latino (pl. Latinos) is the name given to Hispanic American citizens in the United States who share the Spanish language in common but may be from different races or religions and different Spanish speaking countries. Latinos are the fastest growing group in the U.S. and expected to more than double in size by 2020. For a comprehensive list of latino resources on the internet, you can check out the webpage at http://www.tenet.edu/latino/latino.html 3. HIV HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus. This is the virus that spreads through contact with infected blood, infected sexual partners or within the womb of an infected pregnant mother. After infecting a person, HIV can remain hidden in the body for long and different periods of time until it becomes active and develops into AIDS for which no known cure exists. The virus spreads very fast once contact has been made with an infected source. In-depth coverage on AIDS and HIV can be found from http://dailynews.yahoo.com/fc/Health/AIDS___HIV
4. the federal government The federal government in the United States is a national republic whose members are elected to hold office for a limited period of time by citizens over 18 years of age. This republic has an elected president who is head of the nation as well as head of the federal or national government ForintroductiontotheU.s.governmentpleasevisithttp://bensguide.gpo.gov 5. a state government A state government is the political structure that includes an area of land, citizens, and an elected governing body with the right to control and change all powers within the state that are not given by constitution to the federal government. Fifty state governments exist in the United States 6. a beauty shop a beauty shop is a business place where women go"to have their hair done, "i.e, washed curled, coloured, etc, or their fingernails or skin treated. The shop sells the thought of beauty client should feel/look more beautiful after a visit to the beauty shop. Women who use such sh often have weekly appointments 2. Introductory Questions The following questions are designed to check how well the students are prepared for the lesson and also to help them to obtain a general idea of the text 1).How many American people have been killed in the past few years? 2). According to the passage, who are the ones most the likely to be infected with AIDS? 3). What are the reasons why some local organizations emerged? 4). What is the purpose of forming the South Carolina AIDS Education Network? 5). Why is it impossible to hand out AIDS literature and expect people to read it in some communities? 6). In what way can teenagers do much better than adults according to the passage? 7). What are the ways to combat AlDS discussed in the pass 8). What should people do in order to win the war against AIDS? 3. New words and language points: acquIr vt get by ones own work, skill. etc.获得;学到 He acquired a knowledge of the language by careful study 他通过认真学习掌握了这门语言 The company has recently acquired a new office building in central Shanghai 这家公司最近在上海市中心买了一栋新的办公楼 a1. unable to be diseased or hurt because of special powers in oneself免疫的 hiV damages the human defense method which makes humans immune to diseases 艾滋病毒破坏人体中抵御疾病侵袭的防御机制 The medicine will make you immune to the disease 这种药可以使你免于感染这种疾病 2. protected from免除的 The man was told that he would be immune from punishment if he helped the police 这个人得知如果他帮助警察,就可免受处罚 These goods are not immune from customs duties.这些商品不免税 deficiency the state of having none or not enough of不足,缺乏;缺点缺陷 The deficiencies in the plan are very clear and it can not succeed 这个计划的不足之处是显而易见的,因而是不可能成功的
4. the federal government The federal government in the United States is a national republic whose members are elected to hold office for a limited period of time by citizens over 18 years of age. This republic has an elected president who is head of the nation as well as head of the federal or national government. For introduction to the U. S. government, please visit http://bensguide.gpo.gov 5. a state government A state government is the political structure that includes an area of land, citizens, and an elected governing body with the right to control and change all powers within the state that are not given by constitution to the federal government. Fifty state governments exist in the United States. 6. a beauty shop A beauty shop is a business place where women go "to have their hair done," i.e., washed, curled, coloured, etc., or their fingernails or skin treated. The shop sells the 'thought' of beauty. A client should feel/look more beautiful after a visit to the beauty shop. Women who use such shops often have weekly appointments. 2. Introductory Questions: The following questions are designed to check how well the students are prepared for the lesson and also to help them to obtain a general idea of the text. 1).How many American people have been killed in the past few years? 2). According to the passage, who are the ones most the likely to be infected with AIDS? 3). What are the reasons why some local organizations emerged? 4). What is the purpose of forming the South Carolina AIDS Education Network? 5). Why is it impossible to hand out AIDS literature and expect people to read it in some communities? 6). In what way can teenagers do much better than adults according to the passage? 7). What are the ways to combat AIDS discussed in the passage? 8). What should people do in order to win the war against AIDS? 3. New words and Language Points: 1). New words acquire vt.get by one's own work, skill, etc. 获得；学到 He acquired a knowledge of the language by careful study. 他通过认真学习掌握了这门语言。 The company has recently acquired a new office building in central Shanghai. 这家公司最近在上海市中心买了一栋新的办公楼。 immune a.1. unable to be diseased or hurt because of special powers in oneself 免疫的 HIV damages the human defense method which makes humans immune to diseases. 艾滋病毒破坏人体中抵御疾病侵袭的防御机制。 The medicine will make you immune to the disease. 这种药可以使你免于感染这种疾病。 2. protected from 免除的 The man was told that he would be immune from punishment if he helped the police. 这个人得知如果他帮助警察，就可免受处罚。 These goods are not immune from customs duties. 这些商品不免税。 deficiency n.the state of having none or not enough of 不足，缺乏;缺点,缺陷 The deficiencies in the plan are very clear and it can not succeed. 这个计划的不足之处是显而易见的，因而是不可能成功的
The officer was quite worried about the deficiency in the supply of water 这位军官很担心水供应不足 n. a set of qualities, happenings, methods, etc, common to a general condition (具有共同性的性质,事件,症状等的)集合 The syndrome is likely to strike those whose immune ability is damaged 那些免疫系统受到破坏的人身上可能出现这些症状 The doctor diagnosed the patient's syndrome from the test results 医生是根据对病人的检验结果做出诊断的 monose vt. discover the nature of( a disease)诊断;判断 The doctor diagnosed my disease as a unique bone disease 医生把我的病诊断为罕见的骨骼疾病。 After diagnosing the patient's disease, these doctors discussed how to treat it 医生们经过对这个病人的病情诊断之后,就讨论如何治疗的问题 infect t1. put disease into the body of( someone)感染 Anyone with a bad cold may infect the people around him 得重感冒的人会使周围的人受到感染 He was shocked when he knew he was infected with the hiv virus 当他知道自己染上艾滋病毒时感到很震惊 2. affect; influence影响 He thought that parents might infect their children with their ideas 他认为家长的观念会影响孩子 vIrus n a living thing which can cause a spreading disease in the body, in plants H Nearly all the people infected with the AIDS virus will die he medicine is very effective in controlling the spread of the virus 这种药能有效地控制这种病毒的传播 rura aof or like the countryside农村的 The old man prefers the rural life to the life in the city 在农村生活和城市生活之间,这位老人更喜欢前者。 People living in rural areas are likely to be more friendly than those living in the city 生活在农村的人或许比生活在城里的人更友好些。 constitute vt. make up;form组成 Girls constitute 20 percent of the student population in the university 女生占这所大学学生总数的百分之二十 Twelve people constitute a research group 12个人组成一个研究小组 n any of the parts into which something may be divided BBs The waiter gave me a dish of orange segments 侍者给我送上一盘桔片 Black people constitute the poorest segment of society in the country
The officer was quite worried about the deficiency in the supply of water. 这位军官很担心水供应不足。 syndrome n.a set of qualities, happenings, methods, etc., common to a general condition （具有共同性的性质，事件，症状等的）集合 The syndrome is likely to strike those whose immune ability is damaged. 那些免疫系统受到破坏的人身上可能出现这些症状。 The doctor diagnosed the patient's syndrome from the test results. 医生是根据对病人的检验结果做出诊断的。 diagnose vt.discover the nature of (a disease) 诊断; 判断 The doctor diagnosed my disease as a unique bone disease. 医生把我的病诊断为罕见的骨骼疾病。 After diagnosing the patient's disease, these doctors discussed how to treat it. 医生们经过对这个病人的病情诊断之后, 就讨论如何治疗的问题。 infect vt.1. put disease into the body of (someone) 感染 Anyone with a bad cold may infect the people around him. 得重感冒的人会使周围的人受到感染。 He was shocked when he knew he was infected with the HIV virus. 当他知道自己染上艾滋病毒时感到很震惊。 2. affect; influence 影响 He thought that parents might infect their children with their ideas. 他认为家长的观念会影响孩子。 virus n.a living thing which can cause a spreading disease in the body, in plants 病毒 Nearly all the people infected with the AIDS virus will die. he medicine is very effective in controlling the spread of the virus. 这种药能有效地控制这种病毒的传播。 rural a.of or like the countryside 农村的 The old man prefers the rural life to the life in the city. 在农村生活和城市生活之间，这位老人更喜欢前者。 People living in rural areas are likely to be more friendly than those living in the city. 生活在农村的人或许比生活在城里的人更友好些。 constitute vt.make up; form 组成 Girls constitute 20 percent of the student population in the university. 女生占这所大学学生总数的百分之二十。 Twelve people constitute a research group. 12 个人组成一个研究小组。 segment n.any of the parts into which something may be divided 部分 The waiter gave me a dish of orange segments. 侍者给我送上一盘桔片。 Black people constitute the poorest segment of society in the country
黑人是这个国家最穷的社会群体 alarm n sudden fear and worry; a warning of danger惊慌;警报 tsudden fear and worry; a warning of danger使惊慌,使担心 Hearing a scream, she sat up in alarm.听到尖叫声,她慌忙坐起来 In his speech the worker emphasized the government's alarm over the strike 这个工人在演讲中强调了政府对这次罢工事件所表现出的慌恐 cause sudden fear or worry使惊恐,使担心 The news that war might break out alarmed the people.战争可能爆发的消息使人们惊恐不安。 vt. carry out or put into practice实施,执行 The group,s idea will be implemented immediately.这个小组的建议将很快得到实施 he government promised to implement a new program to control pollution 政府承诺要执行新的计划以控制污染。 emerge vi.cOme or appear出现 The sun emerged from behind the clouds.太阳从云层后面钻了出来。 A man with a gun in his hand suddenly emerged from behind a tre 个手中持枪的男子突然从树后出现。 client n 1. a person who pays a business person, esp. a lawyer for help and advice A The lawyer spent a whole day talking with his client about the case 律师就该案子与当事人谈了一天 His client was a middle-aged man who lost his wife two months ago 他的当事人是一位两个月前丧偶的男性。 2. a customer顾客 The company required its clients to pay their bills in advance 这家公司要求顾客预先支付费用 The shop took some new measures to attract more clients 这家商店采取一些新措施以吸引更多的顾客 literacy n the state of being able to read and/or write文化;识字 They were required to take part in the literacy movement.他们被要求参加识字运动 It is reported that the literacy rate is very low in the rural areas 据报道这个地区的受教育率很低 low-literacy n低文化水平 illustrate vt show the meaning of (sth )by giving related pictures or examples it HH His story illustrates her skill in dealing with the problem 他所讲的故事说明了她处理这个问题的技巧。 He illustrated his idea with many examples and pictures 他用许多实例和图片说明自己的观点。 relate vt. tell (a story)讲述 We related our troubles to him, asking his advice 我们向他讲述我们的困难,征求他的意见 She had no opportunity to relate the situation to him.她没有机会对他说这些情况
黑人是这个国家最穷的社会群体。 alarm n.sudden fear and worry; a warning of danger 惊慌；警报 vt.sudden fear and worry; a warning of danger 使惊慌，使担心 Hearing a scream, she sat up in alarm. 听到尖叫声，她慌忙坐起来。 In his speech the worker emphasized the government's alarm over the strike. 这个工人在演讲中强调了政府对这次罢工事件所表现出的慌恐。 cause sudden fear or worry 使惊恐,使担心 The news that war might break out alarmed the people. 战争可能爆发的消息使人们惊恐不安。 implement vt.carry out or put into practice 实施，执行 The group's idea will be implemented immediately. 这个小组的建议将很快得到实施。 The government promised to implement a new program to control pollution. 政府承诺要执行新的计划以控制污染。 emerge vi.come or appear 出现 The sun emerged from behind the clouds. 太阳从云层后面钻了出来。 A man with a gun in his hand suddenly emerged from behind a tree. 一个手中持枪的男子突然从树后出现。 client n.1. a person who pays a business person, esp. a lawyer for help and advice 当事人 The lawyer spent a whole day talking with his client about the case. 律师就该案子与当事人谈了一天。 His client was a middle-aged man who lost his wife two months ago. 他的当事人是一位两个月前丧偶的男性。 2. a customer 顾客 The company required its clients to pay their bills in advance. 这家公司要求顾客预先支付费用。 The shop took some new measures to attract more clients. 这家商店采取一些新措施以吸引更多的顾客。 literacy n.the state of being able to read and/or write 文化；识字 They were required to take part in the literacy movement. 他们被要求参加识字运动。 It is reported that the literacy rate is very low in the rural areas. 据报道这个地区的受教育率很低。 low-literacy n.低文化水平 illustrate vt.show the meaning of (sth.) by giving related pictures or examples 说明 His story illustrates her skill in dealing with the problem. 他所讲的故事说明了她处理这个问题的技巧。 He illustrated his idea with many examples and pictures. 他用许多实例和图片说明自己的观点。 relate vt.1. tell (a story) 讲述 We related our troubles to him, asking his advice. 我们向他讲述我们的困难，征求他的意见。 She had no opportunity to relate the situation to him. 她没有机会对他说这些情况
2 see or show a joining between将…联系起来 I can't relate the two ideas.我不能把这两个观点联系起来 Ican' relate what he does to what he says.我不能把他说的和他做的联系起来 risk danger危险,风险 The disease is spreading and all the children are at risk. 这种疾病正在蔓延,所有孩子都处于危险之中。 You have to take a lot of risks in my job.做我的工作,你要冒诸多风险。 vt place in danger; take the chance of losing冒着…的危险 He would like to risk his life to save his friend.他愿意冒生命危险救自己的朋友。 establishment n.1. a business or an organization机构企业 The two hotels are both excellent establishments.这两家宾馆都是优秀企业。 The local government controlled all the printing establishments.当地政府控制着所有印刷企 业 2. the act of setting up建立确立;确定 The group will work toward the establishment of schools for the poor 这个团体将致力于为穷人创办学校 n. moment of great danger or difficulty危机 The President had to quit his job for he wasn't able to deal with the crisis 总统因为不能处理这起危机,只好辞职 He has reached a crisis in his illness.他的病情已十分危急。 represent vt.1.show, be a sign of, stand for表示,表明 This painting represents a storm at sea.这幅图画表现了大海起风暴的情景。 The red lines on this map represent railway tracks.地图上的红线代表铁路 2. act or speak officially for( another person or people)作为.的代表(或代理) The manager couldn't go to the meeting, so his secretary represented hir 经理不能去开会,所以他的秘书代表他去 2).Language points I Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)was diagnosed in the United States in the late 1970s.(Para.1) Meaning: AIDS was discovered by doctors in the last few years of the 1970s diagnose: vt. decide what illness a person has; discover the nature (a disease)by making a careful examination Note: To talk about a doctor's finding someone ill with a certain disease we often say "diagnose Nearly half of those diagnosed with the virus are blacks and Latinos.(Para.2)被诊断感染艾滋病 病毒的人有一半是黑人和来自拉丁美洲的人 Women will soon make up8 0 percent of those diagnosed with HIV.(Para11)妇女将占感染艾 滋病病毒人口的80%。 But when we decide what illness a person has, we say"diagnose as The doctor diagnosed his condition as a stomach problem.医生诊断他得了胃病 Please pay attention to the following time expressions in the late1970s:20世纪70年代末期 n the early1970s:20世纪70年代初期
2. see or show a joining between 将... ... 联系起来 I can't relate the two ideas. 我不能把这两个观点联系起来。 I can' relate what he does to what he says. 我不能把他说的和他做的联系起来 risk n.a danger 危险，风险 The disease is spreading and all the children are at risk. 这种疾病正在蔓延，所有孩子都处于危险之中。 You have to take a lot of risks in my job. 做我的工作，你要冒诸多风险。 vt.place in danger; take the chance of losing 冒着... ... 的危险 He would like to risk his life to save his friend. 他愿意冒生命危险救自己的朋友。 establishment n.1. a business or an organization 机构,企业 The two hotels are both excellent establishments. 这两家宾馆都是优秀企业。 The local government controlled all the printing establishments. 当地政府控制着所有印刷企 业。 2. the act of setting up 建立,确立；确定 The group will work toward the establishment of schools for the poor. 这个团体将致力于为穷人创办学校。 crisis n.moment of great danger or difficulty 危机 The President had to quit his job for he wasn't able to deal with the crisis. 总统因为不能处理这起危机，只好辞职。 He has reached a crisis in his illness. 他的病情已十分危急。 represent vt.1. show; be a sign of; stand for 表示, 表明 This painting represents a storm at sea. 这幅图画表现了大海起风暴的情景。 The red lines on this map represent railway tracks. 地图上的红线代表铁路。 2. act or speak officially for(another person or people) 作为... ...的代表(或代理) The manager couldn't go to the meeting, so his secretary represented him. 经理不能去开会，所以他的秘书代表他去。 2).Language Points .1 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was diagnosed in the United States in the late 1970s. (Para.1) Meaning: AIDS was discovered by doctors in the last few years of the 1970's. diagnose: vt. decide what illness a person has; discover the nature (a disease) by making a careful examination Note: To talk about a doctor's finding someone ill with a certain disease we often say "diagnose with." Nearly half of those diagnosed with the virus are blacks and Latinos. (Para.2) 被诊断感染艾滋病 病毒的人有一半是黑人和来自拉丁美洲的人。 Women will soon make up 80 percent of those diagnosed with HIV. (Para.11) 妇女将占感染艾 滋病病毒人口的 80%。 But when we decide what illness a person has, we say "diagnose as." The doctor diagnosed his condition as a stomach problem. 医生诊断他得了胃病。 Please pay attention to the following time expressions: in the late 1970s: 20 世纪 70 年代末期 in the early 1970s: 20 世纪 70 年代初期
n the middle1970s:20世纪70年代中期 2. Women and youth in rural Southern communities now constitute the fastest growing segment people with AIDS.(Para. 2) Meaning: The number of women and young people who are infected with AlDs is growing fastest in the countryside in the South titute: vt. make up, form Seven days constitute a week.一周有7天 Twelve scientists constituted a research group to study air pollution.12位科学家组成一个研究 小组研究空气污染 Real familiarity with a 3, 000 word vocabulary constitutes a good base for further English anguage learning 真正掌握了3000单词,就具备了进一步学习英语的基础 segment:. any of the parts into which something may be divided The company controls this segment of the market.这个公司控制了这部分市场。 3. In place of government inactivity, a number of local organizations have emerged. Para 3) Meaning: Because the government is not active in stopping the spread of AIDS, some local organizations have formed to help prevent its spread in place of: instead of In place of a lecture we will be showing a film我们不去作报告,而是放场电影 John is to attend the meeting in place of the manager, who has come down with a bad cold. 4a 代替经理参加会议,因为经理患了重感冒 emerge:v. come or appear; become known出现 Richard was waiting outside the door as Mary emerged 玛丽出现时,理查德正在门外等候 Many ideas are likely to emerge after such an interesting finding 在发现这一有趣的现象之后,许多想法都有可能出现。 Vietnam has emerged as the world s third biggest rice trade 越南已成为世界第三大大米贸易国。 4.... this organization suffers from a lack of money, forcing it to use its resources creatively ( Para. 4 Meaning:,. this organization lacks money, and so it has to make use of its people, materials and ideas in a creative way suffer from: be badly influenced by Within a few days, she has become seriously ill, suffering from great pain.只几天时间,她的病 情加重了,她被折磨得痛苦不堪。 He was diagnosed as suffering from AIDS.他被诊断为染上了艾滋病。 resources: n the materials, money or other things an organization or a family has and can use in order to function properly; the things a country has and can use to increase its wealth Some families are so poor that they don 't have enough resources to feed themselves有些家庭很 穷,不能养活自己 The country is rich in oil resources but lacks money and technology to develop them.这个国家 有丰富的石油资源,但缺乏资金和技术开发这些资源。 5. These books use simple, hand-drawn pictures of "sad faces"and happy faces"to illustrate people can prevent AlDS. (Para. 9 Meaning: Simple pictures of"sad faces"and"happy faces", drawn by hand, are used in these books to show how people can prevent AIDS illustrate: vt. add pictures to(sth. written); show the meaning of (sth )by giving pictures or The case illustrates that women can do much better than men in some fields.这个事例说明了妇 女在某些领域可以比男性干得出色得多
in the middle 1970s: 20 世纪 70 年代中期 2. Women and youth in rural Southern communities now constitute the fastest growing segment of people with AIDS. (Para.2) Meaning: The number of women and young people who are infected with AIDS is growing fastest in the countryside in the South. constitute: vt. make up; form Seven days constitute a week.一周有 7 天。 Twelve scientists constituted a research group to study air pollution.12 位科学家组成一个研究 小组研究空气污染。 Real familiarity with a 3,000 word vocabulary constitutes a good base for further English language learning. 真正掌握了 3000 单词，就具备了进一步学习英语的基础。 segment: n. any of the parts into which something may be divided The company controls this segment of the market. 这个公司控制了这部分市场。 3. In place of government inactivity, a number of local organizations have emerged. (Para.3) Meaning: Because the government is not active in stopping the spread of AIDS, some local organizations have formed to help prevent its spread. in place of: instead of In place of a lecture we will be showing a film.我们不去作报告，而是放场电影。 John is to attend the meeting in place of the manager, who has come down with a bad cold. 约翰 代替经理参加会议，因为经理患了重感冒 emerge: vi. come or appear; become known 出现 Richard was waiting outside the door as Mary emerged. 玛丽出现时，理查德正在门外等候。 Many ideas are likely to emerge after such an interesting finding. 在发现这一有趣的现象之后，许多想法都有可能出现。 Vietnam has emerged as the world's third biggest rice trader. 越南已成为世界第三大大米贸易国。 4.... this organization suffers from a lack of money, forcing it to use its resources creatively. (Para.4) Meaning: ... this organization lacks money, and so it has to make use of its people, materials and ideas in a creative way. suffer from: be badly influenced by Within a few days, she has become seriously ill, suffering from great pain.只几天时间，她的病 情加重了，她被折磨得痛苦不堪。 He was diagnosed as suffering from AIDS. 他被诊断为染上了艾滋病。 resources: n. the materials, money or other things an organization or a family has and can use in order to function properly; the things a country has and can use to increase its wealth Some families are so poor that they don't have enough resources to feed themselves.有些家庭很 穷，不能养活自己。 The country is rich in oil resources but lacks money and technology to develop them. 这个国家 有丰富的石油资源，但缺乏资金和技术开发这些资源。 5. These books use simple, hand-drawn pictures of "sad faces" and "happy faces" to illustrate ways people can prevent AIDS. (Para.9) Meaning: Simple pictures of "sad faces" and "happy faces", drawn by hand, are used in these books to show how people can prevent AIDS. illustrate: vt. add pictures to (sth. written); show the meaning of (sth.) by giving pictures or examples The case illustrates that women can do much better than men in some fields. 这个事例说明了妇 女在某些领域可以比男性干得出色得多
Let me give another example to illustrate this difficult point 我再举个例子说明这个难点。 6. Redefine"at risk "to include women from different backgrounds and marriage status. Para 11) Meaning: Consider again the problem of"who is at risk for AIDS"in a new way as women from different backgrounds and marriage status should be included in the people who are at risk for AIDS redefine: vt consider sth in a new way e scientist redefined the relations between population and economic affairs这位科学家重新 说明了人口和经济之间的关系。 The government was asked to redefine its program on birth control 政府被要求重新考虑其人口控制计划。 Please pay attention to the following expressions with"status' marriage status婚姻状况 economic status经济状况 ob status就业情况 legal status法律地位 7. The stylists also emphasize that everyone is at risk and that all of us have a right to protect ourselves-regardless of marriage status. Para 12) Meaning: The stylists also showthat everyone is in danger of catching AIDS and that all of us have a right to protect ourselves-whether we are married or not emphasize: vt. stress sth. is very important Robert emphasized the difference between the interests of the single person and those of the community.罗伯特强调了个人利益和社区利益的区别 The official emphasized that his government would implement the program.这位官员强调政府 将执行这项计划。 regardless of: not consider or be influenced by Regardless of whether he is right or wrong, we have to obey his orders不管他是对还是错,我们 都得服从他的命令 We decide to go out regardless of the weather.不管天气如何,我们都决定出门。 8. We must not let cultural, racial, or social barriers distract us from the job that must be done. Para 14) Meaning: We must not let cultural, racial or social barriers take our attention from the job that must be done barrier: n sth. that makes it impossible or difficult for sth else to happen Taxes are the biggest barrier to free trade.税收是自由贸易的最大障碍。 There is no reason why love shouldn't cross the age barrier.认为爱情不可以跨越年龄障碍的说 法是没有道理的 distract sb. from sth. take one,s attention from sth Don't let social activities distract you from your study不要让社会活动影响你的学习。 The music soon distracted the boy from his homework音乐声很快使这个男孩分心了,以致不 能专心做家庭作业。 9. We simply cannot let people continue to die because we don't feel comfortable talking about AIDS.(Para. 14) Meaning: We really cannot let people continue to die just because we are not happy to talk about feel comfortable doing/with sth. feel happy about doing sth Do your feel comfortable with the plan?你对这个计划满意吗? 3). Patterns: (1) typical patterns for definition of sth: Sb /Sth. is a(n). that/ who/
Let me give another example to illustrate this difficult point. 我再举个例子说明这个难点。 6. Redefine "at risk" to include women from different backgrounds and marriage status.(Para.11) Meaning: Consider again the problem of "who is at risk for AIDS" in a new way, as women from different backgrounds and marriage status should be included in the people who are at risk for AIDS. redefine: vt. consider sth. in a new way The scientist redefined the relations between population and economic affairs. 这位科学家重新 说明了人口和经济之间的关系。 The government was asked to redefine its program on birth control. 政府被要求重新考虑其人口控制计划。 Please pay attention to the following expressions with "status": marriage status 婚姻状况 economic status 经济状况 job status 就业情况 legal status 法律地位 7. The stylists also emphasize that everyone is at risk and that all of us have a right to protect ourselves-regardless of marriage status.(Para.12) Meaning: The stylists also showthat everyone is in danger of catching AIDS and that all of us have a right to protect ourselves-whether we are married or not. emphasize: vt. stress sth. is very important Robert emphasized the difference between the interests of the single person and those of the community.罗伯特强调了个人利益和社区利益的区别。 The official emphasized that his government would implement the program. 这位官员强调政府 将执行这项计划。 regardless of : not consider or be influenced by Regardless of whether he is right or wrong, we have to obey his orders. 不管他是对还是错，我们 都得服从他的命令。 We decide to go out regardless of the weather.不管天气如何，我们都决定出门。 8. We must not let cultural, racial, or social barriers distract us from the job that must be done.(Para.14) Meaning: We must not let cultural, racial or social barriers take our attention from the job that must be done. barrier: n. sth. that makes it impossible or difficult for sth. else to happen Taxes are the biggest barrier to free trade. 税收是自由贸易的最大障碍。 There is no reason why love shouldn't cross the age barrier.认为爱情不可以跨越年龄障碍的说 法是没有道理的。 distract sb. from sth.: take one's attention from sth. Don't let social activities distract you from your study.不要让社会活动影响你的学习。 The music soon distracted the boy from his homework.音乐声很快使这个男孩分心了，以致不 能专心做家庭作业。 9. We simply cannot let people continue to die because we don't feel comfortable talking about AIDS. (Para.14) Meaning: We really cannot let people continue to die just because we are not happy to talk about AIDS. feel comfortable doing/with sth.: feel happy about doing sth. Do your feel comfortable with the plan? 你对这个计划满意吗？ 3). Patterns: (1) typical patterns for definition of sth.: Sb./Sth. is a(n)… that / who /
whih/prep+ which(从句)某人或某物是。 (2)typical pattens for comparison and contrast 1)Despite/ In spite of sth, sb/sth(else)is adj in doing.(o Despite., sb/ sth still does sth else. 尽管…,某人/某物(仍做.)在方面 2) In place of sth/sb,sth( else ysb(else) doldoes…与某物或某人相比, 另一物或另一人却 3)Sth./Sb.has/does/ Is more.than..某物或某人比其他物或人 更 4). Main idea of the text and devices for developing it: Main idea of the text Despite the spread of AIDS, no cure for it and lack of government activity, some local organizations have been active and creative in the battle against the fatal d isease Devices for developing it 1. Problen- Solution- Evaluation问题解决法 The Problem AIDS. diagnosed in the late 1970s has killed more than 204 000 Americans expecting another 185,000 of the one million infected with the hiv virus to die; and meanwhile, women and youth in rural Southern communities are making up the fastest segment of people with AIDS. Hit with the problems, however, American governments have been slow in stopping the spread of the disease. (Para. 1-3) The solution: Numerous local organizations have set up and shared with each other some effective AIDS educational programs: speak to your community in a way they can hear; train teenagers to educate their peers; redefine"at risk to include women from different backgrounds and marriage status. (Para. 3-12) The evaluation: These programs are not the only solutions to the crisis but, until there is a cure for AIDS, they are only safe measures against the virus. ( Para. 13) 2. Deduction Organization演绎法 (from‘ general'to‘ specifIc°) General statement The South Carolina AIDS Education Network, formed in 1985 and suffering from a lack of money, has been active and creative in the battle against AIDS. (Para. 4) Specific statements: It operates its educational programs out of a beauty shop. ( Para. 5) It resorts to the network to help the hair stylists set up similar programs other shops. Para 6) It has developed several techniques useful to other groups doing similar work an easy-to-understand education within the community, self-education among peers, and redefinition of at risk".(Para. 7-12) 3. Comparison and Contrast对比法 The comparison and contrast is between"the governments inactivity"and "the local organizations' creative operations of the educational programs Conjunctions
which / prep. + which…(从句) 某人或某物是…… (2) typical patterns for comparison and contrast: 1) Despite / In spite of sth, sb / sth (else) is + adj. in doing … (或: Despite …, sb / sth still does sth else.) 尽管……, 某人 ／ 某物(仍做……) 在……方面…… 2). In place of sth./sb, sth(else)/sb (else ) do/does … 与某物或某人相比, 另一物或另一人却… 3) Sth. /Sb. has / does ／is more… than… 某物或某人 比其他物或人 更…… 4). Main idea of the text and devices for developing it: Main idea of the text ： Despite the spread of AIDS, no cure for it and lack of government activity, some local organizations have been active and creative in the battle against the fatal disease. Devices for developing it： 1. Problem-Solution-Evaluation 问题解决法 The Problem: AIDS, diagnosed in the late 1970s, has killed more than 204,000 Americans, expecting another 185,000 of the one million infected with the HIV virus to die; and meanwhile,women and youth in rural Southern communities are making up the fastest segment of people with AIDS. Hit with the problems, however, American governments have been slow in stopping the spread of the disease.(Para. 1 - 3) The Solution: Numerous local organizations have set up and shared with each other some effective AIDS educational programs: speak to your community in a way they can hear; train teenagers to educate their peers; redefine “at risk” to include women from different backgrounds and marriage status. (Para. 3-12) The Evaluation: These programs are not the only solutions to the crisis but, until there is a cure for AIDS, they are only safe measures against the virus.(Para. 13) 2. Deduction Organization 演绎法: ( from ‘general’ to ‘specific’) General statement : The South Carolina AIDS Education Network , formed in 1985 and suffering from a lack of money, has been active and creative in the battle against AIDS.(Para. 4) Specific statements: • It operates its educational programs out of a beauty shop. (Para.5) • It resorts to the network to help the hair stylists set up similar programs in other shops. (Para.6) • It has developed several techniques useful to other groups doing similar work: an easy-to-understand education within the community, self-education among peers, and redefinition of “at risk”. (Para. 7 -12) • 3. Comparison and Contrast 对比法 The comparison and contrast is between “the government’s inactivity ” and “the local organizations’ creative operations of the educational programs”. Conjunctions:
despite, in place of, more than The government s Inactivity Despite the alarming numbers, the federal and state governments have been slow in plementing programs to stop the spread of the AIDS. (Para. 3) ocal Organizations Creative Involvement A. In place of the government's inactivity, a number of local organizations have emerged. (Para. 3) B. One of them, suffering from a lack of money, uses its resources creatively.( Para. 4) C. As a result, such books actually have more effect in the communities. than government publications..(Para. 9) 4). Main idea of each part and devices for developing them: The text may be divided into four parts, accordingly, separate the class into four groups, each group will have discussions about one part, they are required to (1). get the topic sentence or the main idea )and supporting detai or ea ch art (2). find out the clues as to how the author developed his ideas (3). everyone should have a chance to express his own ideas (4 ). choose representatives to report their opinions Part I (paral-2): A serious disease named as AIDS was diagnosed in the U.SA.in the late 1970s; and since then it has been a big threat to the american society Part II (para. 3-6): In contrast to the government's inactivity, some local organizations have made efforts to fight against AIDS creatively. Part Ill(para.7-13): The organization has generalized some practical methods which are useful to other similar groups Part IV(para. 14 ) Fighting against AIDS entails everyone's involvement and forces each of us to be an educator and learn to live 5). Summary of the Text and Questions for review Teacher: Before we finish study ing the text, Id like to ask you some questions You can answer these questions with your own experiences 1. What is the name of the disease that appeared more than 20 years ago? The name of the disease that emerged more than 20 years ago is AIDS. As a damaging and infectious disease, it has killed thousands of people and made more than one million people infected. In addition, it threatens to wipe out an entire generation and leaves another without parents, which itself has contributed to a serious social problem 2. What war does this passage de The war described in this passage refers to peoples fighting against the disease AIDS. Despite the governments inactivity, many local organizations have been established to combat this fatal disease. They make efforts to educate people to guard against the virus by carrying out their educational programs creatively. They use easy-to-understand language or hand-drawn pictures to explain the risk of catching AIDS or emphasize that everyone is at risk and has a right to protect himself. 3. What must each of us learn to do? Each of us should learn to be open-minded and try not to be distracted from the concentration on the solution to the problem itself by the cultural, racial or social barriers. Moreover, each of us should learn to be responsible for fighting against this
despite, in place of, more than The Government’s Inactivity: Despite the alarming numbers, the federal and state governments have been slow in implementing programs to stop the spread of the AIDS.(Para. 3) Local Organizations’ Creative Involvement A. In place of the government’s inactivity, a number of local organizations have emerged.(Para. 3) B. One of them, suffering from a lack of money, uses its resources creatively. (Para.4) C. As a result, such books actually have more effect in the communities…than government publications… (Para. 9) 4). Main idea of each part and devices for developing them: The text may be divided into four parts, accordingly, separate the class into four groups, each group will have discussions about one part, they are required to (1). get the topic sentence ( or the main idea ) and supporting details of each part (2). find out the clues as to how the author developed his ideas (3). everyone should have a chance to express his own ideas (4). choose representatives to report their opinions Part I （para1-2）：A serious disease named as AIDS was diagnosed in the U.S.A. in the late 1970s; and since then it has been a big threat to the American society. Part II (para.3-6): In contrast to the government’s inactivity, some local organizations have made efforts to fight against AIDS creatively. Part III(para.7-13): The organization has generalized some practical methods which are useful to other similar groups. Part IV(para.14): Fighting against AIDS entails everyone’s involvement and forces each of us to be an educator and learn to live. 5). Summary of the Text and Questions for Review Teacher: Before we finish studying the text, I’d like to ask you some questions. You can answer these questions with your own experiences: 1. What is the name of the disease that appeared more than 20 years ago? The name of the disease that emerged more than 20 years ago is AIDS. As a damaging and infectious disease, it has killed thousands of people and made more than one million people infected. In addition, it threatens to wipe out an entire generation and leaves another without parents, which itself has contributed to a serious social problem. 2. What war does this passage describe? The war described in this passage refers to people’s fighting against the disease: AIDS. Despite the government’s inactivity, many local organizations have been established to combat this fatal disease. They make efforts to educate people to guard against the virus by carrying out their educational programs creatively. They use easy-to-understand language or hand-drawn pictures to explain the risk of catching AIDS or emphasize that everyone is at risk and has a right to protect himself. 3.What must each of us learn to do? Each of us should learn to be open-minded and try not to be distracted from the concentration on the solution to the problem itself by the cultural, racial or social barriers. Moreover, each of us should learn to be responsible for fighting against this
disease and protect ourselves and others as well. In other words, each of us should become an educator and learn to live a healthy life keeping ourselves free from any unhealthy sex acts, remaining faithful to our marriage life, and staying far away from any habit-forming drug Summary: Since it was AiDS has killed of Americans Women and youth in rural Southern communities are most with AIDs. In of the spread of AIDS and lack of government activity to stop it, some local organizations The South Carolina aids Education network formed to the number of aids In some communities hand il AIDS iterature and people to read it is not ve cause ma any people annot read. Besides. AIDS fastest among teenagers in the South. So these groups have some methods of pread of AIds include: speak to your community in a way they can hear train teenagers to educate their “ at risk” to include women fron d ifferent backgrounds and marriage In other everyone should the war AIDS Section B The last dive at the olympics . Reading Skills---Readfing for Major Details (30) For this unit as you find in your students' book, we focus on the major details of
disease and protect ourselves and others as well. In other words, each of us should become an educator and learn to live a healthy life, keeping ourselves free from any unhealthy sex acts, remaining faithful to our marriage life, and staying far away from any habit-forming drug. Summary: Since it was _________, AIDS has killed _________ of Americans. Women and youth in rural Southern communities are most ______ to be ________ with AIDS. In _____ of the spread of AIDS and lack of government activity to stop it, some local organizations ________. The South Carolina AIDS Education Network formed to help _______ the number of AIDS _____. In some communities, handing ____ AIDS literature and __________ people to read it is not very _______ because many people cannot read. Besides, AIDS is _________ fastest among teenagers in the _____ South. So these groups have _________ some _____ methods of _________ the spread of AIDS, ______ include: speak to your community in a way they can hear; train teenagers to educate their _____; and ________ “at risk” to include women from different backgrounds and marriage ______. In other _____, everyone should ____ ____ ____ the war ______ AIDS. Section B The last Dive at the Olympics I. Reading Skills---Readfing for Major Details (30’) For this unit as you find in your students' book, we focus on the major details of