1. General Physiological Processes 2. Muscle 3. Blood 4. Autonomic Nervous System 5. Respiration 6. Cardiovascular Physiology 7. Body Fluids and Electrolytes 8. Gastrointestinal System 9. Endocrine System 10. Fuel Metabolism and Nutrition 11. Reproduction and Sexual Function 12. Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Lactation 13. Mineral Metabolism, Bone, and Connective Tissue

1 Fundamentals and Cell Physiology 2 Nerve and Muscle, Physical Work 3 Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) 4 Blood 5 Respiration 6 Acid–Base Homeostasis 7 Kidneys, Salt, and Water Balance 8 Cardiovascular System 9 Thermal Balance and Thermoregulation 10 Nutrition and Digestion 11 Hormones and Reproduction 12 Central Nervous System and Senses 13 Appendix Further Reading Index

第一章 绪论 第二章 细胞的基本功能 第三章 血液 第四章 血液循环 第五章 呼吸 第六章 消化和吸收 第八章 尿的生成和排出 第九章 神经系统的功能 第十章 内分泌 第十一章 生殖

Authorand ExecutiveEditor Robert B.Dunn, Ph.D. Adjunct Associate Professor Department of Medicine Loyola University Medical Center Chicago, IL Contributors Susan DeMesquita, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Physiology Marshall School of Medicine Huntington, WV Directorof MedicalIllustration ChristineSchaar Directorof PublishingandMedia Michelle Covello Stanley S. Passo, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department of Physiology New York Medical College Valhalla, NY MedicalIllustrators Rich LaRocco and Christine Schaar James Porter, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Physiology University of Louisville Louisville, KY ProductionEditors Kathlyn McGreevy Ruthie Nussbaum Kenneth H. Ibsen, Ph.D. Director of Academic Development Kaplan Medical Professor Emeritus Biochemistry University of California Irvine, CA ProductionArtist Michael Wolff CoverDesign Joanna Myllo Mary Ruebush, Ph.D. Adjunct Professor of Microbiology Montana State University Bozeman, MT CoverArt Rich LaRocco

This is an admirably concise and clear guide to fundamental concepts in physiology relevant to clinical practice. It covers all the body systems in an accessible style of presentation. Bulleted checklists and boxed information provide an easy overview and summary of the essentials. By concentrating on the core knowledge of physiology, it will serve as a useful revision aid for all doctors striving to achieve postgraduate qualification, and for anyone needing to refresh their knowledge base in the key elements of clinical physiology. The author’s own experience as an examiner at all levels has been distilled here for the benefit of postgraduate trainees and medical and nursing students. Dr Ashis Banerjee is Consultant in Emergency Medicine and serves as Examiner for those undertaking their MB, BS, MRCS and MFAEM examinations

一、生物体内的糖类 二、双糖和多糖的酶促降解 三、糖酵解(EMP途径) 四、三羧酸循环(TCA循环) 五、磷酸戊糖途径(PPP途径) 六、单糖的生物合成 七、蔗糖和多糖的生物合成

第一节:蛋白质概述 第二节:氨基酸 第三节:肽与肽键 第四节:蛋白质的分子结构 第五节:蛋白质的重要性质 第六节:蛋白质的分类 第七节:蛋白质的分子结构与功能关系

第一节 神经元与神经胶质细胞的一般功能 第二节 神经元的信息传递 第三节 神经系统的感觉分析功能 第四节 神经系统对姿势和运动的调节 第五节 神经系统对内脏活动、本能行为和情趣的调节 第六节 脑的电活动与觉醒、睡眠机制 第七节 脑的高级功能

一、概述 1906年时由俄国植物学家M.Tswett首先提出在荣获诺贝尔科学奖（主要是化学奖和生理学医学奖）的科学家中，至少有20多位得益于这种分析手段

1 植物体内的元素与类别 1.1 矿质元素与非矿质元素 （1）矿质元素：将植物烘干并充分燃烧后，余下一些不能挥发的残烬称为灰分，而以氧化物形式存在于灰分中的元素称为灰分元素或矿质元素。 （2）非矿质元素：燃烧时以气态形式散失到空气中的元素，如C、H、O、N、S等）