一、问题的提出 二、泊松回归模型 三、泊松回归模型的扩展

一、二元离散选择模型的经济背景 二、二元离散选择模型 三、二元 Probit离散选择模型及其参数估计 四、二元 Logit离散选择模型及其参数估计 五、二元离散选择模型的变量显著性检验

一、模型的设定—F检验 二、固定影响变截距模型 三、随机影响变截距模型 四、固定影响/随机影响模型的检验

1. Producer Theory 1. Technology yi =input of good i, y =output of good i, i= yi-yi=net output, y yn) is a production plan Production possibility set Y=technologically feasible production plans yE Rn) y E Y is technologically efficient if there is no yE Y s.t. y>y

Social welfare function W: Rn-R gives social utility W(u1, u2,. un ). W is strictly increasing is socially optimal if it solves max Wu(a1), u2(a2),., un(n) st>Tis>w Proposition 1.29. If is SO, it is PO. I Proposition 1. 30. Suppose that preferences are continuous, strictly monotonic, and strictly convex. Then, for any PO allocation x* with >>0,v i, there exist ai

(1)i(p, u) is zero homogeneous in p (2) substitution matrix: Dpi(p, u)<0 (3)symmetric cross-price effects: 23i(p 2=2z(p, u) (4) decreasing:=n≤0

Thus, to find Nash equilibria in IN=N, A(Si)), uin, we use the conditions: for ach player i (1)he is indifferent among all strategies in St,and (2)any strategy in St is at least as good as any strategy in S Example 3.7.(Meeting in an Airport ). Mr Wang and Ms Yang are to meet in an irport. However, they do not know whether they are to meet at door a or door B. The payoffs are specified in the following

then there exists AE R\ such that (Kuhn-Tucker condition) G(s') =0 and 1. Lagrange Method for Constrained Optimization FOC: D.L(,\)=0. The following classical theorem is from Takayama(1993, p.114). Theorem A-4 (Sufficieney). Let f and, i= ,..m, be quasi-concave, where Theorem A-1. (Lagrange). For f: and G\\, consider the following G=(.8 ) Let r' satisfy the Kuhn-Tucker condition and the FOC for (A.2). Then, x' problem is a global maximum point if max f() (1)Df(x') =0, and f is locally twice continuously differentiable,or

美国物理学家密立根历时七年之久,通过测量微小油滴所带的电荷,不仅证明了电 荷的不连续性,即所有的电荷都是基本电荷e的整数倍,而且测得了基本电荷的准确 值。电荷e是一个基本物理量,它的测定还为从实验上测定电子质量、普朗克常数等其 他物理量提供了可能性,密立根因此获得了1923年的诺贝尔物理学奖 密立根油滴实验用经典力学的方法,揭示了微观粒子的量子本性。因为它的构思巧 妙,设备简单,结果准确,所以是一个著名而有启发性的物理实验

充分就业有利于经济增长,却不利于国际收支 经济增长 平衡。因为居民有钱了就要购买外国商品,这 国际收支平衡 就会形成国际收支逆差的压力 经济增长不利于物价稳定,会造成通货膨胀 有互补关系,也有交替关A对兄初目标的实现有促进 互补关系是指一个目标的实现 作用,交替关系是指一个目标的实现对另一个目标的实现 有排斥作用