本章研究消费者个人需求和市场总需求的变化规律。对于消费者个人需求，主要讨论价 格和收入的变化对需求的影响，尤其是要讨论收入效应和替代效应问题。对于市场总需求， 主要讨论三个方面的问题：总需求是否还是价格和收入的函数？总需求能否揭示一种消费者 偏好？总需求有什么社会福利意义？

前面三章研究了消费者行为理论，从本章开始我们研究生产者行为，讨论生产最优化问 题。理性生产者是利润最大化的追求者，这是研究生产者行为的基本前提。为了揭示生产活动 的规律，我们将从收益与成本两方面进行分析。同消费者行为理论一样，我们要分析生产者是 如何依据价格进行决策的。本章的讨论将按照单一产品的生产和多种产品的生产两种情形分别 进行

本章以单个消费者为着眼点，研究理性消费者的行为特点与活动规律。我们的基本假设是：消费者以追求效用最大化为目的，是市场价格的接受者，完全依据价格行事。本章及后 面几章都假定市场上总共有种可供选择的商品

在1.3我们讨论了为保证一般均衡的存在,消费方面必须满足的一些条件,在 1.4中我们将继续讨论为保证一般均衡的存在,在生产集方面必须满足的条件。 这些条件主要是 Debreu建立的

1.Integrability Demand function x(p,w)(.d.) is HDO, satisfied Walras Law and have a substitution matrix S(p,w) is s.n.s.d. for any (p,w), if it's deduced by rational preference. And if we observed an x(p,w) satisfied such conditions, can we find a preference to rationalization(p,w)? That the integrability problem

Problem Set 3 Prof. Gene Chang (For Ph. D students, due on Dec. 28th in the class, or TA's office. For M.A. students, due on Dec. 26th, in the class or TA's office. Late turn-in may result in a penalty in the grade) 1. Kland is a Robinson Crusoe type economy. Robinson, as the consumer and the owner of the firm, has the utility function U(x,) =aIn x+ BInI, where is leisure. Robinson's endowment

Problem Set 2 Prof. Gene Chang (For Ph. D students, due on Dec. 9th in the class or TA's office. For M.A. students, due on Dec. 12th, in the class or TA's office. Late turn-in may result in penalty in the grade) 1. The production set is={yy2):y2sy,-

Problem Set 1 Prof. Gene Chang Due on Dec.5 5th in the class,orta' 's office(经院220室) Late turn-in may result in a penalty in the grade 1. The consumption set is={x X E}. Suppose the utility function representing the preference

1.引言(Introduction) 1.1局部均衡( Partial Equilibrium)与一般均衡(General Equilibrium) 一、局部均衡(Partial Equilibrium) 只考虑一个市场(single market)的情况(假设其他市场不变),对部门j 而言,当对该部们的产品x,的需求x(p)与该产品的供给x(p)相等时,即 x(p,)=x(p)时,这个市场就达到了均衡; 这种单个市场达到的均衡状态称为“局部均衡”(Partial Equi librium 那么是不是所有的市场能同时达到均衡呢?这就涉及到“一般均衡”(General Equilibrium)的概念了

1. Integrability Demand function x(p, w)(c d ) is HDO, satisfied walras law and have a substitution matriX S(p, w) is s n.s.d. for any (p, w), if it's deduced by rational preference And if we observed an x(p, w)satisfied such conditions, can we find a preference to rationalization x(p w ) That the integrability problem