一、微生物及其生物学特点 二、微生物学及其分支学科 三、食品微生物学及其研究内容和任务 四、微生物学的发展简史

第一节 神经毒理学 一、神经毒性的损伤类型及机理 二、迟发性神经毒性 三、神经毒性的研究方法 第二节 神经行为毒理学 一、神经行为毒理学的概念 二、行为毒理学的方法 三、神经科学的发展与行为毒理学 （一）行为与神经生化学 （二）微小透析膜法 （三）神经毒性评价的分子生物学方法 （四）行为毒理学在食品安全性评价方面的应用

第四章不同人群食品的营养要求 一、孕妇营养: 妇女从妊娠开始到哺乳终止期间,由于孕育胎儿、分娩及分泌乳汁的需要,母体 要经受一系列的生理调整过程,对多种营养素的需要较正常时增加。孕妇及乳母的营 养不仅与本身健康有关,还直接影响到胎儿婴儿、青少年直至成人体力、智力的全 面发展,是与整个社会、民族兴衰有着密切关系的重大问题

随着食品工业规模化与多样化的发展 卫生操作也随之复杂起来 生产操作的现代化和规 模化要求雇员能成为有效卫生操作的执行者 即不但知道如何执行卫生操作 而且知道怎样才能 达到卫生要求 并维持良好的卫生环境 只有理解有关卫生操作的原理并具有生物学基础的雇员 才能成为有效卫生操作的执行者

现代仪器分析近年来发展非常迅速,广泛地应用于科学技术和国民经济各个领域。仪器分析方法与化学分析方法相比,发展更快。目前在科学研究、工农业生产、食品、医学、药物和环境等部门中,所遇到的大部分表征与测量任务已由仪器分析承担。鉴于仪器分析方法的迅速增加,重要性日益突出

1 发展简况 玻璃瓶→马口铁焊锡罐→马口铁电阻焊罐,塑料瓶/纸质复合材料/铝箔等，要求同学课外到超市中观察、全面感受罐藏食品。啤酒、果酒、饮料、火腿肠、咸菜/泡菜等

我国已初步解决温饱,总体上达到初步小康。但发展很不平衡,尚有一些未脱贫地区存在着营养不良;而不少城市和比较富裕的地区已经出现摄入热能过量,动物性食品过多的饮食西方 化倾向,影响健康。我国政府签署了《世界营 养宣言》,承诺推行《世界营养行动计划》。 1998年9月24日卫生部公布了《中国居民膳食 指南》、《特定人群膳食指南》和《中国居民 平衡膳食宝塔》,本节主要介绍这些文件的主要精神

Product development does not occur in isolation as a separate functional activity. It is a company philosophy, a basic company strategy and a multifunctional company activity. In recent years to show this all-encompassing basis, bringing together product, process, marketing and organisational innovations, there has been development of an overall innovation strategy. This innovation strategy is related to the company's overall business aims and strategy, as well as the social, economic and technological environment, and the company's own knowledge and skills. The business strategy also includes a duct strategy outlining the products of the future. The combination of the innovation and product strategies is the basis for the product development strategy, and from this can be developed

The ability of a company to build a knowledge core and continuously create new nowledge is critical to the success of product development. There are four areas where knowledge is needed for product development the different cultures of the world their needs wants and attitudes. and how they can assimilate and absorb new products

Product development management in the food system is complex, long term and capital intensive. It is total company management involving every function in the company- so it is managing either a microcosm of the company or an integration of the company functions. For a major innovation, the company may set up a new venture company or division; or a new group of people may form a new company. At this time when many new companies are being formed on the innovations of information technology and biotechnology, it is interesting to speculate on new venture companies in the food industry and the basis of their new innovations. But at the present time