The constituents of concern found in wastewater are removed by physical, chemical, and biological methods. The individual methods usually are classified as physical unit operations, chemical unit processes, and biological unit ds in which the application of physical forces ohysical unit operations include pr T3clarifiers
Chapter 7 Microbial Genetics Plasmids Circular genetic elements that reproduce autonomously and have an extra-chromosomal existence 1-1000 KB in size Typical plasmid 1/20 of chromosome Most are circular double-stranded DNA. some linear ds dna Transmitted from cell to cell via