Quiz: Section K, L, M and N, 40 min, English answer only 1. Please list the important cis-acting elements and transacting enzymes/factors in prokaryotic transcription including initiation, elongation and termination, and briefly describe their corresponding roles (35 point)

Quiz: Section H, I and J, 30 min, English answer only 1. What are the essential elements that a cloning vector should have? how about the expression vectors and the integration vectors? What is a shuttle vector and please describe its importance? (35)

1. What is “DNA cloning”? how could you make a genomic library cloning? (30 points) 2. What is “subcloning”? What are the purposes of subcloning. (15 points)

Q1: Please name the following amino acids (three letter name, for example: Ala for alanine). Q2: Which of them are hydrophobic AA, and which are hydrophilic?

1. Please describe the main features of the DNA structure. (10 points) Key features: (1) Double helical structure (4’) (2) Two strands are held together in an antiparallel orientation (3’) by base paring (1’)

Describing the following terms (4 points each) 1. Cre recombinase 2. CSSR recombination 3. Mating-type switching 4. Mismatch repair 5. Polymerase switching 6. 30-nm fiber 7. Core histones

PART I: DESCRIPTION (2 points each) Your answer should describe what each item is and how it functions in the cell. Diagrams, structure and sequence information should be included in your answer, as necessary

How Important Is Cost? Reagents obviously figure into the cost of a procedure, but the labor required to produce and apply the reagents of purification should also be considered. How Important Is Reproducibility (Robustness) of the Procedure?

一、转录反应和转录方向 二、摸板链（-）和编码链（+）p.166 三、转录步骤：起始,延伸,终止

Translation is the conversion of the information in the nucleic acid sequence to polypeptides of a specific amino acid sequence