在实践中，企业面临的竞争环境很复杂，涉及的定价问题也要复杂得多。例如，企业 的竞争可能面对几个市场，如国内市场和国际市场，在不同的市场上具有不同的竞争特 征；企业决策是面对未来的，但企业对未来的投入要素的价格、其商品的需求、竞争者 的反应等情况很难作出精确的预测，因此很难得出精确的边际收益和边际成本；现代大 企业往往有许多个生产部门，各个生产部门之间有着紧密的联系，企业内的中间产品转 移应有一个合理的价格，等等。即使是追求利润最大化，在不同的情况下也可能有不同 的做法

The reactivity of organometallic compounds increases with the percent ionic character of the carbon-metal bond. RLi and RMgX are of great importance in organic synthesis

一、重要概念 系统与环境，隔离系统，封闭系统，（敞开系统），广延性质（加和性：V，U，H，S， A，G），强度性质（摩尔量，T，p），功，热，内能，焓，热容，状态与状态函数，平衡态， 过程函数（Q，W），可逆过程，节流过程，真空膨胀过程，标准态，标准反应焓，标准生 成焓，标准燃烧焓

几个有机化学实验技巧_重氮化反应

《建筑抗震设计》结构非弹性地震反应分析

Quinones are an interesting and valuable class of compounds because of their oxidation-reduction, or redox, properties. The redox properties of quinones are important to the functioning of living cells, where compounds called ubiquinones(泛醌) act as biochemical oxidizing agents to mediate the electro-transfer processes involved in energy production

21.11 Aryl Halide and Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 21.12 Spectroscopic Analysis of Phenols and Aryl Halides

Phenols are like alcohols in being able to form strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Phenols have higher boiling points than hydrocarbons of the same molecular weight. A modest solubility in water

Primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes and carboxylic acids

10.7 The Geometry of Alkyl Radicals 10.8 Reactions That Generate Tetrahedral Stereocenters 10.9 Radical Addition to Alkenes: TheAnti-Markovnikov Addition ofHydrogen Bromide