教学目标或要求：了解电环化反应，环加成反应， σ迁移反应。重点掌握周环反应的理论及有关反应机理

教学目标或要求：了解羧酸衍生物的分类，命名和光谱性质。了解酰卤和酸酐的化学 反应性质及其乙酰乙酸乙酯和丙二酸二乙酯在有机合成上的应用。重点掌握羧酸衍生 物的化学反应性质及其有关有机合成制备方法

教学目标或要求：了解醛和酮的分类，命名及同分异构现象。了解醛酮亲核加成反应历程及其制备方法。重点掌握亲核加成反应的反应历程

Electrons surrounding atoms are concentrated into regions of space called atomic orbitals. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that it is impossible to know both the location and the momentum of an atomic particle

8.1 Introduction Alkenes are hydrocarbons whose molecules contain the carbon-carbon double bond. Hydrocarbons whose molecules contain the carbon-carbon triple bond are called alkynes

Chapter 6 Ionic Reactions--- Nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions of alkylhalides (卤代烃的亲核取代反 Because halogen atoms are more electronegative 应和消除反应） than carbon, the carbon-halogen bond of alkyl halides is polarized; the carbon atom bears a partial positive charge, the halogen atom a partial negative charge

cycloalkanes General formula CnH2n+2 for alkanes C3H8 CH3CH2CH3 Propane General formula CnH2n for cycloalkanes (环烷烃） CnH2n Cyclopropane

The nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic (DNA) and ribonucleic (RNA) , are, respectively , the molecules that preserve here￾ditary information and that transcribe and translate it in a way that allows the synthesis of all the varied proteins of the cell 25.2 NUCLEOTIDES AND NUCLEOSIDES

Lipids are compounds of biological origin that dissolve in nonopoler solvents. Lipids are defined by the physical operation that we use to isolate them

STRUCTURE AND NOMENCLATURE OF PHENOLS Phenol: Compounds that have a hydroxyl group directly attached to a benzene ring For example: