Utilitarianism Last time we considered three questions one might ask an ethical theory to answer i)Which acts are right and which are wrong? Which acts ought we to perform(understanding the\ought as a moral ii)What makes a particular action right or wrong? What is it about the action that determines its moral status? 111) How do we know what is right and wrong? There are a variety of strategies for answering(iii). One might hold e. g. that moral truths are revealed by god and

November 21, 2001 Ethical Egoism Here are three questions (of course there are others)we might want an ethical theory to answer for us: i)Which acts are right and which are wrong? Which acts ought we to perform(understandir the\ought\ as moral \ought\)? ii)What makes a particular action right or wrong? What is it about the action that determines its moral status? ii)How do we know what is right and wrong? Remember that according to relativism, whether an action is right or wrong

Particularism and virtue ethics I. Universalism and Particularism We've considered before some basic questions that we would expect a moral theory to answer i)Which acts are right and which are wrong? Which acts ought we to perform(understanding the\ought\as a moral

Key concepts of Scotch School Nature of Reason and Evolutionary Reason Unintended Consequences of Action Origin of Justice: from Feeling not from Reason Evolutionary Process of Behavior Norms System

Content Decline of Roman Empire and the rise of Christianity Saint Augustine: City of God Saint Thomas Aquinas: God and Human Being Conflict between church and king Church and Medieval Feudalism

Key Points Roman Empire and Western Civilization Caesar and concept of western civilization Roma and Greece Roman civilization: architecture, politic and law achievements Roman law three original elements: Greek philosophy, Roman law

The Classic Traditions of Civil Society 社会制衡的思想可以追溯到孟德斯鸠他曾强调一个 存在有贵族阶层的社会对于维护直由的重要性。但是在法 国大革命前后兴起的盎格鲁撒克逊式的保守主义,对托 克维尔的影响更为明显。事实上,保守主义比自由主义和 社会主义更重视教会,社会阶级家庭和财产的权利:它 一方面反对自然权利理论以及更新近的功利主义观念的权 利要求,另一方面又反对日益民的全国性政府的权利要 求

第一节词项的概述 从思维内容的角度讲,人们以概念为起点构成判断,由判断构成推理,而逻辑学撇开思维具体内 容,通过语言的形式结构,研究思维形式结构。因此我们的研究以词项一—即对语词的逻辑抽象为最 基础的部分

人们在实践的基础上形成了许许多多的反映事物本质属性的概念,并运用这些概念去 反映客观事物。但是逻辑并不去关注这些概念是如何反映客观事物的,它只把它作为形式 抽去出来,把表达了不同概念的同一语词作为研究对象。同样,人们常常不是单纯地运用 孤立的概念进行推理,而是通过概念组成的命题进行思维和交流的

第一节类比推理 一、类比推理及其特征 类比推理是根据两个(或两类)对象在一系列属性上是相同(或相似)的,并且已知其 中的一个(或一类)对象还有其他特定的属性,由此推出,另一个(或一类)对象也具有同 样的其他特定属性的推理方法