pH of a buffer and buffer capacity Example: For a buffer solution consisting of 0. 1 M acetic acid and o1M sodium acetate the ph of the solution is 4.75 HAc= i If an amount of hydrochloric acid equivalent to 10% of the acetate present, is added to the buffer, what is the new pH of the solution?
Good Ozone and Bad Ozone Stratospheric ozone protect lives on Earth from harmful effects of UV radiation. .Iropospheric ozone: Causing respiratory distress and eye irritation Destroying plants Producing cracks in rubber Ozone is a strong oxidant, reacts with molecules containing C=C double bonds, forming epoxides
Whether and climate Weather is the condition of the atmosphere in terms of temperature, humidity, winds and precipitation Climate is defined as the average weather over various time periods ranging from a few weeks to decades to geological timescales Whether and climate are ultimately determined by location, topography, and the exchange of radiant energy between the Sun, Earth, and space
The discovery of the ozone hole The British Antarctic Survey has been monitoring for many years, the total column ozone levels at its base at Halley bay in the antarctica Monitoring data indicate that column ozone levels have been decreasing since 1977. This observation was later confirmed by satellite
