第一节长期负债及计量原理 第二节长期借款 第三节应付债券 第四节可转换债券 第五节其他长期负债 第六节债务重组

第九章环境影响经济评价 引言 1.环境经济影响评价的意义 1.1传统的不足:传统的项目可行性研究对于环境影响最多只是定性描述,对环境影响没有价值计量,环境影响难于纳入常规的项目经济分析,从而对项目可行性决策产生影响不足

Ch. 10 Autocorrelated Disturbances In a time-series setting, a common problem is autocorrelation, or serial corre- lation of the disturbance across periods. See the plot of the residuals at Figure

Ch. 12 Stochastic Process 1 Introduction a particularly important aspect of real observable phenomena, which the random variables concept cannot accommodate, is their time dimension; the concept of random variable is essential static. A number of economic phenomena for which we need to formulate probability models come in the form of dynamic processes

Ch. 14 Stationary ARMA Process a general linear stochastic model is described that suppose a time series to be generated by a linear aggregation of random shock. For practical representation it is desirable to employ models that use parameters parsimoniously. Parsimony may often be achieved by representation of the linear process in terms of a small number of autoregressive and moving

Ch. 16 Stochastic Model Building Unlike linear regression model which usually has an economic theoretic model built somewhere in economic literature, the time series analysis of a stochastic process needs the ability to relating a stationary ARMA model to real data. It is usually best achieved by a three-stage

Ch. 18 Vector Time series 1 Introduction In dealing with economic variables often the value of one variables is not only related to its predecessors in time but, in addition, it depends on past values of other variables. This naturally extends the concept of univariate stochastic process to vector time series analysis. This chapter describes the dynamic in

where a subscribed element of a matrix is always read as arou, column. Here we confine the element to be real number a vector is a matrix with one row or one column. Therefore a row vector is Alxk and a column vector is AixI and commonly denoted as ak and ai,respec- tively. In the followings of this course, we follow conventional custom to say that a vector is a columnvector except for

一、拟合优度检验 二、方程显著性检验 三、变量显著性检验

了解测量学的定义,任务和作用,测量工作 的实质,确定地面点位的方法，测量误差，测 量常用的计量单位，计算中数字的凑整规则。 本 次 授 课 重 点 与 难 点 分 析 1.测量的基准面 2.坐标系的选择及其意义 3.测量误差的分类