The Purpose of this Chapter To begin to understand the art of building an economic model To begin to understand three basic elements of modeling in economics: –Purpose –Simplification through assumptions –Value judgment
25.1 Introduction 25.2 Oligosaccharides are added to proteins in the ER and Golgi 25.3 The Golgi stacks are polarized 25.4 Coated vesicles transport both exported and imported proteins 25.5 Different types of coated vesicles exist in each pathway 25.6 Cisternal progression occurs more slowly than vesicle movement 25.7 Vesicles can bud and fuse with membranes 25.8 SNAREs control targeting 25.9 The synapse is a model system for exocytosis 25.10 Protein localization depends on specific signals 25.11 ER proteins are retrieved from the Golgi 25.12 Brefeldin A reveals retrograde transport 25.13 Receptors recycle via endocytosis 25.14 Internalization signals are short and contain tyrosine
Steps in Model Creation - build wireframe using points, curves, surfaces and solids. - define constraints for solids with area mismatch. - define boundary conditions (inlet, outlet, walls). - mesh all surfaces
Methodological framework ofLeap The problem is disaggregated into four active levels: 1.Sector 2. Sub-sector 3.End-use 4. Device Energy intensity and emission factors are associated with each device at the level 4 Total energy demand and emission amount arecalculated
Using mutants to analyze the pathway or functions of genes Mutants have to be generated to analyze the pathway or functions of genes Saturation screening Overexpression Suppressor mutations Synthetic lethals Nonallelic noncomplementation
