一、核苷酸的主要生理功能： ①合成DNA、RNA的原料，这是体内核苷酸最重要的功能。 ②生物体的直接供能物质：ATP、GTP、UTP、CTP等。主要为ATP ③某些核苷酸的衍生物是多种生物合成过程的活性中间物质:UDP—葡萄糖是糖原合成的活性中间物质．CDP—甘油二酯是甘油磷酸酯合成的中间活性物质等

一、基因表达的概念 1、基因（gene）：从遗传学讲，基因就是遗传的基本单位或单元，具有编码RNA或多数情况下编码多肽功能的信息单位。从分子生物学看，基因是负载特定遗传信息的DNA分子片段

一、基因表达的概念 1、基因（gene）：从遗传学讲，基因就是遗传的基本单位或单元，具有编码RNA或多数情况下编码多肽功能的信息单位。从分子生物学看，基因是负载特定遗传信息的DNA分子片段

What Do You Know About Your Target? The sensitivity needs of your system are primarily determined by the abundance of your target, which can be approximated according to its origin. Plasmids, cosmids, phagemids as colony lifts or dot blots, and PCR products are usually intermediate to high-abundance targets. Genomic DNA is considered an intermediate to low-abundance target. Most prokaryotic genes are present as single copies, while genes from higher eukaryotes

The principle of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was first reported in 1971 (Kleppe et al., 1971), but it was only after the dis￾covery of the thermostable Taq DNA polymerase (Saiki et al., 1988; Lawyer et al., 1989) that this technology became easy to use

Part I: Chemistry and Genetics Part II: Maintenance of the Genome Part III: Expression of the Genome Part IV: Regulation Part V: Methods

医学遗传学的发展使临床诊断和临床检测技术迅速提高，人们对 人类遗传病的研究已经取得了许多重要成果。特别是重组 DNA 技术 在医学中的广泛应用，遗传病的治疗有了突破性的进展，已从传统的 手术治疗，饮食疗法，药物疗法等跨入了基因治疗，为遗传病根治开 辟了广阔的前景

The nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic (DNA) and ribonucleic (RNA) , are, respectively , the molecules that preserve here￾ditary information and that transcribe and translate it in a way that allows the synthesis of all the varied proteins of the cell 25.2 NUCLEOTIDES AND NUCLEOSIDES

嫩茎节间里。在伸长期海,籽苗的所有器官、茎节 植物细胞、组织及原生 间及花里均出现核DNA含量(内倍性)和C-值数 质体培养 目的快速增加。在籽苗里,这些增加源下胚轴与 胚根的过渡组织

◼ 前言 ◼ 诱发基因突变的因素 ◼ 基因突变的一般特性 ◼ 基因突变的分子机制 ◼ DNA损伤的修复