延安大学：《翻译理论与实践》课程教学资源（试卷习题）试题（1）历年试题10套（含参考答案）

第一章 汉语词语英译 第二章 现代汉语句子英译 第三章 现代汉语段落英译 第四章 四大古典小说名著选段英译

Chapter 1 An Introduction to Chinese-English Translation  Ⅰ. Three peaks of translation in history  1. The Translation of Buddhist Classics: the First Peak  2. The translation of books on science and technology: the second peak  （科技翻译：中国的士大夫和传教士联手将欧洲的宗教、哲 学、科技和文学等“西学”介绍到中国来。）  3.The Translation of Western Classics: the Third Peak  （鸦片战争后至“五四”前的西方政治思想和文学翻译）

1学科基础课平台必修课 《日语口语 1》 《日语口语 2》 《日语口语 3》 《日语口语 4》 《日语阅读 1》 《日语阅读 2》 《日语基础实训》 《第二外语 R 1》 《第二外语 R2》 《第二外语 R3》 2学科基础课平台选修课 《基础日语 3》 《基础日语 4》 《日语高级会话》 《现代日语语法》 《日本概况》 《日语概论》 《现代汉语 R》 3专业课平台必修课 《高级日语 1》 《高级日语 2》 《日语翻译理论与实践 1》 《日语翻译理论与实践 2》 《日语演讲》 《日语笔译实训》 《日语口译实训》 4专业课平台选修课 《日本文化概论》 《日本文学史》 《日本文学作品选读》 《商务日语会话》 《商务日语谈判与函电》 《日语语言学概论》 《日本经济概论》 《中国文化概要 R》 《日语跨文化交际》

一、主语的确定  在汉译英的实践中，对主语的确定可采取以 下三种处理方法：  1.汉语无主句的英译  -----增补主语  2.以原句主语作译文主语  3.重新确定主语

• This chapter is chiefly concerned with the transformation rules between various parts of speech in English-Chinese translation, including the transformation of nouns, verbs, prepositions, adjectives, adverbs in English

• Ⅰ. Reasons • Ⅱ.English passive: • Syntactic passive(结构被动) • Notional passive (意义被动) • E.g. • 1）She dressed beautifully. • (She is dressed beautifully.) • 2 ）These products sell like hot cakes. (These products are sold like hot cakes. ) • Ⅲ. Chinese passive • Marked passive • Unmarked passive • Ⅳ. E-C Translation • 1. E:译为C的主动句或Unmarked passive • 2. E: 译为C的Marked passive • 3. E: 译为C的被动句的转化形式（Chinese passive may be expressed by other structure）

• Ⅰ. Amplification in English-Chinese translation • Amplification means to add necessary words, phrases, clauses or sentences to the translated text in purpose of making it consistent with the target language in meaning, grammar and culture connotation. Amplification does not add new information to the message and only help understand the text. In this part we will analyze how to use amplification to achieve equivalence in English-Chinese translation in these three levels, i.e. syntactic, semantic, and rhetorical. • 1) Her tone was more friendly than David’s (tone). • 2) She sang her sweetest (song). • 3) Shall I write my name on, above or below the line?

• Ⅰ. Nida’s analysis of the process of translation • (1) analysis of the source text • (2) transfer from the source to the target language • (3) restructuring in the target language • (4) testing of the translated text with persons who represent the intended（future） audience

Idiom, as a linguistic phenomenon, can be regarded as the most special part of language, and they are heavily culture￾loaded. Because of those culture differences, idioms become one of the greatest barriers for cross-culture communication