1 Introduction 1.1 R website 1.2 Differences between R and S 1.3 Start with R 2 Data with R 2.1 Objects 2.2 Reading data in a file 2.3 Saving data 2.4 generating data 2.5 Manipulating objects 2.5.1 Creating objects 2.5.2 Operators 2.5.3 Accessing the values of an object: the indexing system 2.5.4 Accessing the values of an object with names 2.5.5 Arithmetics and simple functions 2.5.6 Matrix Computation

§ 2 – The Increase of Private Regulation and Self-Regulation 1. The Origin of the Increase of Private Regulation and Self Regulation 2. The Resulting Regulatory System: Co-Regulation 3. Risks and Advantages of Co-Regulation § 3 - The Increased Regulatory Function of Private Law II. Private Enforcement of Regulatory Law § 1 - The U.S. Regime of Private Enforcement of Regulatory Law: the Most Fully Developed among Modern Systems § 2 - The Development of Private Enforcement of Regulatory Law in Europe

1 多道程序技术和程序并发执行的条件 2 Process Concept 3 Process Scheduling 4 Operation on processes 5 Interprocess Communication (进程间通信, IPC) 6 Example of IPC Systems 7 Communication in C/S Systems

• Chap1-1 Cross-cultural management • Chap1-2 Globalization • Chap1-3 Definitions of culture • Chap1-4 Nature of culture • Chap1-5 Cultural values • Chap1-6 Dimensions of culture • Chap1-7 Attitudinal Dimensions of Culture • Chap1-8 Trompenaars’ s Cultural Dimensions

第一节 物质的旋光性 第二节 对映异构现象与分子结构的关系 第三节 含一个手性碳原子化合物的对映异构 第四节 含二个手性碳原子化合物的对映异构 第五节 构型的R、S命名规则 第六节 环状化合物的立体异构 第七节 不含手性碳原子化合物的对映异构 第八节 外消旋体的拆分 第九节 亲电加成反应的立体化学

1 Atomic Orbital Theory 1 2 Bonds Between Adjacent Atoms: Localized Bonding, Molecular Orbital Theory 25 3 Delocalized (Multicenter) Bonding 54 4 Symmetry Operations, Symmetry Elements, and Applications 83 5 Classes of Hydrocarbons 110 6 Functional Groups: Classes of Organic Compounds 139 7 Molecular Structure Isomers, Stereochemistry, and Conformational Analysis 221 8 Synthetic Polymers 291 9 Organometallic Chemistry 343 10 Separation Techniques and Physical Properties 387 11 Fossil Fuels and Their Chemical Utilization 419 12 Thermodynamics, Acids and Bases, and Kinetics 450 13 Reactive Intermediates (Ions, Radicals, Radical Ions, Electron-Deficient Species, Arynes) 505 14 Types of Organic Reaction Mechanisms 535 15 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 591 16 Vibrational and Rotational Spectroscopy: Infrared, Microwave, and Raman Spectra 657 17 Mass Spectrometry 703 18 Electronic Spectroscopy and Photochemistry 725

INTRODUCTION I CONSIDERING LEGAL ORIGINS A The Classic Differences B Legal Origins and Financial Progress i Protecting M inority Stockholders via Fiduciary Duties 2 Overregulating Financial M arkets C The Differences Erode D Can Legal Origin Anchor Law as the Primary Cause? II STATE POWER AND LEGAL ORIGIN IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY A The Rise of the Regulatory State in the Twentieth Century B The Power of the State i A Timeline of State Power in the Twentieth Century 2 Timelines of Government Budgets, Government Transfers, and Financial M arkets 3 Regulating Financial and Labor M arkets 4 Instruments and Power C Which System Regulates Securities M arkets M ore? i Regulatory Budgets 2 T he S E C 4 II REEXAMINING THE DATA: DO POLITICAL ECONOMY DIFFERENCES BETTER EXPLAIN FINANCIAL DIFFERENCES? A Reexamining Legal Origins as Predicting Ownership Separation in the W ealthy W est i Corporate Law, Legal Origin, and Legislative Policy 2 The World W ars 3 Invasions and Military Occupation: The Tw

UNIT I: Protein Structure and Function Chapter 1: Amino Acids Chapter 2: Structure of Proteins Chapter 3: Globular Proteins Chapter 4: Fibrous Proteins Chapter 5: Enzymes UNIT II: Intermediary Metabolism Chapter 6: Bioenergetics and Oxidative Phosphorylation Chapter 7: Introduction to Carbohydrates Chapter 8: Glycolysis Chapter 9: Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Chapter 10: Gluconeogenesis Chapter 11: Glycogen Metabolism Chapter 12: Metabolism of Monosaccharides and Disaccharides Chapter 13: Pentose Phosphate Pathway and NADPH Chapter 14: Glycosaminoglycans, Proteoglycans, and Glycoproteins UNIT III: Lipid Metabolism Chapter 15: Metabolism of Dietary Lipids Chapter 16: Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Metabolism Chapter 17: Complex Lipid Metabolism Chapter 18: Cholesterol and Steroid Metabolism UNIT IV: Nitrogen Metabolism Chapter 19: Amino Acids: Disposal of Nitrogen Chapter 20: Amino Acid Degradation and Synthesis Chapter 21: Conversion of Amino Acids to Specialized Products Chapter 22: Nucle

1 复习自由能、平衡常数的概念 2 辨别热力学稳定性和动力学稳定性 3 能计算离子键形成时的能量变化 4 能正确使用理论模型和热力学循环方法计算晶格能 5 熟悉晶格能在无机化学中的应用 6 能正确建立玻恩－哈伯热化学循环并用以计算各种 热力学量 7 冠醚的命名和结构特征 8 冠醚的配位性能和冠醚配合物的结构 9 影响冠醚配合物稳定性的因素

3.1 均值（Mean）和均值标准误差（S.E.mean） 3.2 中位数（Median） 3.3 众数（Mode） 3.4 全距（Range） 方差（Variance）和标准差 （Standard Deviation） 3.5 四分位数（Quartiles）、十分位数 （Deciles）和百分位数（Percentiles） 3.6 3.7 频数（Frequency） 3.8 峰度（Kurtosis） 3.9 偏度（Skewness） 3.10 标准化Z分数及其线性转换 3.11 探 索 分 析 3.12 交叉列联表分析 3.13 多选项分析 3.14 基本统计分析的报表制作