一、免疫应答的概念 免疫应答(immune response)是指动物机体免 疫系统受到抗原物质刺激后,免疫细胞对抗原分子 的识别并产生一系列复杂的免疫连锁反应和表现出 一定的生物学效应的过程

第二节 种群的进化与选择 一、基因库和基因频率 二、变异和遗传漂变 三、自然选择模型 四、 两种进化动力的比较 五、自然选择的类型 六、渐变群 七、 物种形成 八、进化对策 第三节 种内关系 第四节 种间相互作用

第一节 生态系统概论 第二节 生态系统中的初级生产 第三节 生态系统中的次级生产 第四节 生态系统中的分解 第五节 生态系统中的能量流动 第六节 生态系统中的物质循环

1. As an organizing principle for life a. We tend to think of kin as something natural biological or as having some basis beyond culture i. For example, children reuniting with birth parents b. Kinship is actually highly variable and artificial from one culture to the next

1.The Nuer a. Famous in anthropology long before Hutchinson's book i. The Nuer were pacified by the British colonial forces 1. After their pacification anthropologists could study them 2. Much of early anthropology was caught up in colonialism b. Studied by many, but there can't be a definitive book on their culture or any other

More Problems With Culture 1. The culture concept has been used and misused This notion has traveled around the world it can be considered one of Anthropology's great successes b. Culture has also been distorted 1. Assumptions that cultures have clear boundaries

昆虫纲是动物界中最大的纲,估计近100~300 万种以上,已知种类只有约15万,种类尚待认识。 我国昆虫种类极为丰富,记载的仅有3万余种 。迅速查清我国昆虫的区系和发掘其资源,是 我国昆虫学当前迫切的重大任务之一。 许多害虫和益虫要认识,尤其是近似种类或易 混淆的种类要区别

• 量子力学基础 • 密度算符 • 脉冲及其算符描述 • 核磁信号计算 • 多自旋体系的描述 • 相干 • 乘积算符

一.土壤卫生的意义 土壤的物理、化学及生物学特性会不同程度地影响以下几个方面: 1.水体、空气的质量 A.使水体的化学性状及微生物指标发生变化; B.土壤潮湿或沼泽化会使空气湿度增大;使有机物厌氧分解使空气中的有害气体增加。 C.冬季寒冷、夏季炎热,且家畜易发生疾病(感冒及风湿性疾病)

1. Strength and weakness of anthropology: Anthropologists are often swayed by a single key case a. Weakness in that this is an obviously inadequate sample. No way of knowing if typical or how typical b. Strength in that rich analysis, really can tell you a lot