13.6 The Energetics of Chemolithotrophy 13.7 Hydrogen Oxidation 氢的氧化 13.8 Oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds 还原态硫的氧化 13.9 Iron Oxidation 铁氧化 13.10 Nitrifying bacteria 硝化细菌 13.11 Anammox Major Biosyntheses: Autotrophy and Nitrogen Fixation 13.12 Autotrophic CO2 fixation: The Calvin cycle卡尔文循环固定CO2 13.13 Autotrophic CO2 fixation: Other autotrophic pathways in phototrophs 13.14 Nitrogenase and nitrogen fixation 固氮酶与固氮作用

13.15 Fermentations: Energetic and redox consideration 13.16 Fermentative Diversity 13.17 Fermentations lacking substrate level phosphorylation 13.18 Anaerobic respiration: : General Principles 13.19 Nitrate reduction and Denitrification硝酸还原与反硝化 13.20 Sulfate Reduction 硫还原 13.21 Methanogenesis 产甲烷过程 13.22 Other Electron Acceptors

4.1 Microbial Nutrition 4.2 Culture media培养基 4.3 Laboratory Culture of Microorganisms 4.4 Bioenergetics 生物能学 4.5 Oxidation-reduction (redox) 4.6 NAD as a Redox Electron Carrier

3.1 Light Microscopy 3.2 Three-Dimentsional Imaging: Interference Contrast, Atomic Force, and Confocal Scanning 3.3 Electron Mciroscopy 3.4 Cell Morphology and the Significance of Being Small

上海交通大学：《探索物质微观世界》课程教学资源（文献资料）Is science prepared for atomic-resolution electron microscopy

上海交通大学：《探索物质微观世界》课程教学资源（Science）A Long-Lived Relativistic Electron Storage Ring Embedded in Earth’s Outer Van Allen Belt

上海交通大学：《Structural and Chemical Characterization of Materi》教学资源_SEM1_Scanning electron microscopy

The microstructure of graphite spherulites （G.S.） in Ce addition ductile cast iron was carried out using transmission electron microscopy （TEM） techniques. The structral characterization of the graphites is as following: there are platelets growing along the periphery as well as fan-like structure formed from platelet aggregates in the diameter section of spherulite, in which most of the platelets are with sizes ranging from several to tens nm in radial; the [001] direction of the platelets would have a tend to parallel to radial of the G. S. and meanwhile, they also a small misorientation deviated from the radial among the platelets each other. It shows that the anisotropy of graphites has been restrained by adding Ce element in cast iron and the structural characterization of the G. S. is consistent with the Double’ s model of the conical helixes formed in helical growing and branching

The simultaneous oxidation and sulfidation of Fe 25Cr and Fe-17Cr-l.5Si-0.5Al alloys was studied at 1023K and 1223K in H2-H2O-H2S gas mixtures. The kinetic boundary which indicates the transition from oxide to sulfide has heen found in these two alloys. The critical oxygen partial pressures of Fel7Crl.5SiO.5Al alloys were systematically lower than those of Fe-25Cr alloy. The reaction kinetics were measured by the stainless steel spring balance, and the reaction products were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The reaction rate usually decreased with the increase of the oxygen partial pressure at the constant sulfur partial pressure. The exista-nce of silicon plays an important role to suppress the sulfidation of Fel7Cr alloy

第一节 细菌的大小与形态 （The size and shape of bacteria) ① 属于原核单细胞生物，有细胞壁,形体微小，结构简单。 ② 无成形的细胞核，无核仁及核膜，除核蛋白体外，无其 他细胞器。 ③ 多数在自然界中自由生活，少数营严格寄生生活。 细菌的定义 第二节 细菌的结构 (Bacterial structure) • 基本结构：细胞壁、细胞膜、细胞质、核质。 Basic Structure：Cell Wall, Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, and Nucleoid • 特殊结构：荚膜、鞭毛、菌毛、芽胞 Specific Structure：Capsules, Flagella, Fimbriae or pili , Spores 第三节 细菌形态检查法 (morphological examination) ➢ 普通光学显微镜 (light microscope) ➢ 电子显微镜 (electron microscope) ➢ 暗视野显微镜 (darkfield microscope) ➢ 相差显微镜 (phase contrast microscope) ➢ 荧光显微镜 (fluorescence microscope) ➢ 共聚焦显微镜 (confocal microscope) ➢ 染色法 (staining)： 革兰染色法( Gram Stain) 抗酸染色法(Acid Fast Stain)