Chapter 5 Large sample properties of the LSE 5.1 Stochastic convergence Suppose that Xn} is a sequence of random varia bles with a corresponding sequence of distribution functions{Fn} If Fn(x)(x) at every continuity point x of F, Fn is said to converge weakly to F, written FnF. In this case,{xn} is said to converge in distribution to where

Ch. 7 Violations of the ideal conditions 1 ST pecification 1.1 Selection of variables Consider a initial model. which we assume that Y=x1/1+E, It is not unusual to begin with some formulation and then contemplate adding more variable(regressors) to the model

Ch.8 Nonspherical Disturbance This chapter will assume that the full ideal conditions hold except that the covari- ance matrix of the disturbance, i.e. E(EE)=02Q2, where Q is not the identity matrix. In particular, Q may be nondiagonal and / or have unequal diagonal ele- ments Two cases we shall consider in details are heteroscedasticity and auto-

Ch. 4 Asymptotic Theory From the discussion of last Chapter it is obvious that determining the dis- tribution of h(X1, X2, . . Xr) is by no means a trival exercise. It turns out that more often than not we cannot determine the distribution exactly. Because of the importance of the problem, however, we are forced to develop approximations the subject of this Chapter

Ch. 23 Cointegration 1 Introduction An important property of (1) variables is that there can be linear combinations of theses variables that are I(O). If this is so then these variables are said to be cointegrated. Suppose that we consider two variables Yt and Xt that are I(1) (For example, Yt= Yt-1+ St and Xt= Xi-1+nt.)Then, Yt and Xt are said to be cointegrated if there exists a B such

判断模型好坏的标准(AC. Harvey): 1.简约性(Parsimony) 2.可识别性(Identifiability)参数的估计唯一 3. Goodness of fit越高越好; 4.理论一致性(Theoretical consistency)与理论或常识要一致。如在消费函数中,可支配收入的系数一般为正; 5. Predictive power

1 Stationarity and unit Root testing WHy do we need to test for Non-Stationarity? The stationarity or otherwise of a series can strongly influence its behaviour and properties -e.g. persistence of shocks will be infinite for nonstationary series Spurious regressions. If two variables are trending over

会计职能 (一)会计的反映职能 会计的基本工作就是以货而为主要 讣量工具通过对一个主体所发生的 经济业务和事项进行确认、计量 记录和报告,提供有用信息。反映 企业的财务状况、经营成果和现金 流量情况

古典线性回归模型的假定 OLS的代数推导 OLS的几何解释 拟合优度 OLS的小样本性质 对单个系数的 t检验 对线性假设的 F检验 分块回归与偏回归(选读) 预测

离散被解释变量的例子 二值选择模型 二值选择模型的微观基础 二值选择模型中的异方差问题 稀有事件偏差(选读) 含内生变量的Probit模型(选读) 双变量Probit模型(选读) 部分可观测的双变量Probit模型(选读)