Nobel Lecture, June 2, 1920 The genesis and present state of development of the quantum theory If i take it correctly that the duty imposed upon me today is to give a public lecture on my writings, then i believe that this task, the importance of which i am well aware through the gratitude felt towards the noble-minded founder of our Foundation, cannot be more suitably fulfilled than by my trying to give you the story of the origin of the quantum theory in broad outlines and to couple with this, a picture in a small frame of the development of this theory up

Ever since last Novem ber, I have been wanting to ex press in person my gratit ude to the generas ity of Alfred Nobel, to w hom i ow e it t hat I am privileged be here today, es pecial y since ill ness prevented me from doi ng so at the proper time. the idealism w hic h permeated his char acter led him to make his magnifice nt foundation for the benefit of a cl ass of men with w hose aims and view poi nt his ow n scienti fic instincts and a bility had made him naturally his

氢原子问题补充材料 1.连带 Lagurre多项式及其母函数

Nobel Lecture december 13. 1946 The history of the discovery of the exclusion principle m, for which I have received the honor of the Nobel Prize award in the year 1945, goes back to my students days in Munich. While, in school in Vienna, I had already ob- tained some knowledge of classical physics and the then new Einstein rel- ativity theory, it was at the University of Munich that I was introduced by Sommerfeld to the structure of the atom- somewhat strange from the point of view of classical physics. I was not spared the which every

Daniel E Prober is in the Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, NewHaven, Connecticut 06520-8284 USA. e-mail: daniel.prober@yale.edu Astronomers crave a detector sensitive enough to detect a single photon and determine its energy. new single-pixel

整个科学的发展与全人类的文化是分不开的,在西方是这样,在中国也是如此。可是科 学的发展在西方与中国并不完全一样。在西方,尤其是如果把希腊文化也算作西方文化的话, 可以说,近代西方科学的发展和古希腊有更密切的联系。在古希腊时也和现代的想法基本相 似,即觉得要了解宇宙的构造,就要追问最后的元素是什么

The events leading to the discovery of tunnelling supercurrents took place while I was working as a research student at the Royal Society Mond Labo- ratory, Cambridge, under the supervision of Professor Brian Pippard. During my second year as a research student, in 1961-2, we were fortunate to have as a visitor to the laboratory Professor Phil Anderson, who has made numerous

1885巴尔默 (Johann Jakob Balmer,1825-1898)发现能够描述四种光谱 波长的公式,后来 Angstrom发现这些谱线属于氢原子 1893维恩 Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto fritz franz Wien,1864-1928)在实验 上发现热体最大辐射的波长反比于温度(维恩定律)。维恩在炉子上钻 了一个小孔,模拟理论黑体

一、电荷量子化 1电荷 摩擦起电和雷电使人们对电有了最早的认识,自然界有正电荷和负电荷两种电 荷,它们同号相斥、异号相吸

（1)1887年,A.A. Michelson-E. W.Morley实验否定了绝对参考系的存在; （2)1990年,“紫外灾难”; （3)1896年,首次发现放射性现象