病因(Etiologe) Primery Glomerular Diseases (60%) Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis *Tubulointerstitial Diseases chronic pyelonephritis chronic interstitialnephritis Polycystic Kidney Disease SLE

DEFINITIONS AND INCIDENCE Acute renal failure (ARF) is a syndrome characterized by rapid decline in glomerular filtration rate(GFR) and retention of nitrogenous waste products such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine

Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both

1.风湿性疾病 英: rheumatic diseases 日:宀了千性疾患 2.弥漫性结缔组织病 yi: diffuse connective tissue diseases dCtD 日:广泛性结合组织病

Concept: systemic blood pressure increased, target organ damaged (brain, heart, eye, kidney, vessel), metabolism changed 线· Essential hypertension(ET: un known cause, 95%, hypertensive disease. Secondary hypertension(ST): known cause, 1 5%

Objective 1.Mastering clinical manifestation ,diagnosis and management of heart failure 2.Grasping causes,pathophysiology of heart failure 3. Understanding classification and investigation of heart failure

Background of asthma Prevalence in the world: 1.6 hundred million in China:1-3 in Shenyang: 1.24 %(1999) GINA: Global Initiative for Asthma(1994) WHO/HLBI Bronchial asthmatic diagnosis guideline (1997) Chinese medical academy

系统性红斑狼疮(Systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)是一种病因未 明的自身免疫性结缔组织病,临床主 要特点为患者体内产生多种致病性自 身抗体和免疫复合物,造成多系统、 多脏器的损伤。SLE常被称为自身免疫 性疾病的原型

定 義： 胎児娩出から２４時間後までの出血 量が500 mlを超える時に分娩後の異常 出血 頻度：全分娩の２％－３％ わが国では妊産婦死亡原因の首位

1。受精及び受精卵発育、輸 送と着床 fertilization and the development ,transportation of the fertilized ovum and implantation 2。胎児及 び附属物の形成、機 能 formation and function of the fetus appendages 3。妊娠期母体の変化 matermal physiologic changes during pergnancy 4。胎児発育及び胎 児生理 development and physiology of the fetus