Diagnosis of cardiac and respiratory arrest Traditional methods : 1. Carotid pulse check by lay rescuers 2. Loss of consciousness 3. Pupil dilation 4. Respiratory arrest

Contents Normal anatomy,physiology and metabolism of the kidney Clinical manifestation of renal disease Diagnosis and treatment

Water and Sodium Metabolism Control of water excretion Control of sodium excretion Hyponatremia and hypernatremia

Classification Prerenal ARF Intrinsic renal ARF Postrenal ARF

Anemia of increased destruction Normochromic, normochromic anemia Shortened RBC survival Reticulocytosis--Response to increased RBC destruction Increased indirect bilirubin Increased LDH

复旦大学附属中山医院：《内科学》课程教学资源（教案讲义）黄培志－心肺复苏教案

Chronic Renal Insufficiency Pathogen and pathogenesis Manifestation Laboratory examination Diagnosis and differential diagnosis Treatment

复旦大学附属中山医院：《内科学》课程教学资源（教案讲义）高鑫－内分泌总论

复旦大学附属中山医院：《内科学》课程教学资源（教案讲义）顾勇－肾脏总论

复旦大学附属中山医院：《内科学》课程教学资源（教案讲义）顾勇－急性肾衰竭