决策要有一定的价值标准(或称为价值函数),在技术经济分析中,价值函数常用经济 效益表示,一般称为损益值。损益值(R)大小取决于决策对象所处的自然状态(S)和决 策者提出的策略方案(),即R=f(A,S) 根据对未来自然状态的把握程度不同,决策问题分为确定型决策、风险型决策和不确 定型决策

一、初级卫生保健概述 二、HFA的目标、指标和策略 三、PHC是实现HFA的关键 四、PHC是实现HFA的关键 五、21世纪初期我国的PHC

一、测试的目的和策略 二、测试的活动 三、测试的产品 四、测试的方法和度量要求 五、测试用例构造技术

1.引导性案例 2.采购物流控制与成本分析 3.采购中的ABC管理法 4.采购数量和时间 5.数量折扣的应用 6.降低采购价格的策略 7.供应链下的采购成本控制

一、审计计划概述 二、审计重要性 三、审计风险 四、初步审计策略

Consumers benefit from search broker services Consumer trust can be leveraged across many product categories How will brick and mortar agents fare vs electronic agents?

Reputations can create value in B-to-B markets and support diversification Brands create more value if the products are frequently purchased and in high involvement categories

Reputations can create value in B-to-B markets and support diversification Brands create more value if the products are frequently purchased and in high involvement categories

The wheel of retailing Gain entry with low prices Gain trust and loyalty Add offerings and raise prices Differentiate from new no-frills entrants

In a service company, important parts of the productare being designed by the front liners every time they serve a customer They are uniquely positioned to read customer needs. You need to provide them with information(about costs)and Incentives