1. General studies of the peptide bond 1.1 The peptide(O=C-N-H) bond was found to be shorter than the C-N bond in a simple amine and atoms attached are coplanar. 1.1.1 This was revealed by X-ray diffraction studies of amino acids and of simple dipeptides and tripeptides. 1.1.2 The peptide (amide) bond was found to be about 1.32 A (C-N single bond, 1.49; C= double bond, 1.27), thus having partial double bond feature (should be rigid and unable to rotate freely)

7．认识分子间作用力和氢键的本质，会解释其对物质性质的影响。1．认识化学键的本质；2．掌握离子键的形成及其特点；3．掌握离子的特征，离子极化概念；4．掌握价键理论的内容；会用价键理论解释共价键的特征，会用价电子对互斥理论和杂化轨道理论解释简单的分子结构；5．初步认识分子轨道，掌握第二周期元素的分子轨道特点；6．理解金属键理论，特别是能带理论，会用能带理论解释固体分类； 2.1 化学键的定义 Definition of chemical bond 2.2 离子键理论 Ionic bond theory 2.3 共价键的概念与路易斯结构式 Concept of the covalent bond theory and Lewis’ structure formula 2.7 金属键理论Metallic bond theory 2.8 分子间作用力和氢键 Intermolecular forces and hydrogen bond 2.4 用以判断共价分子几何形状的价层电子对互斥理论 VSEPR for judging the configuration of the covalence molecular 2.5 原子轨道的重叠— 价键理论 Superposition of atomic orbital —valence bond theory 2.6 分子轨道理论Molecular orbital theory

Bonds and Bond Valuation More oBond Features Bond Ratings Some Different Types of Bonds Bond Markets Inflatioand Interest Rates Determinants of Bond Yields

Ionic bond Covalent bond Van der Waals bond Hydrogen bond Metallic bond

Ikenes are hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-carbon double bond. A car- bon-carbon double bond is both an important structural unit and an important functional group in organic chemistry. The shape of an organic molecule is influ- enced by the presence of this bond, and the double bond is the site of most of the chem- ical reactions that alkenes undergo. Some representative alkenes include isobutylene(an industrial chemical), a-pinene (a fragrant liquid obtained from pine trees), and farnesene (a naturally occurring alkene with three double bonds

Bond Principles: Identification- of Bonds Bonds are identified by issuer, coupon rate, and maturity. The face value of a bond is called its par value. e.g. 5 of \Hertz sevens of 03\(Hertz 7s03) .A legal document called the indenture contains the details of the bond issue

Groups bonded by only a sigma bond can undergo rotation about that bond with respect to each other. The temporary molecular shapes that result from rotation of groups about single bonds are called conformations of a molecule. each possible structure is called a conformer. An analysis of the ener changes associated with a molecule undergoing rotation about single bonds is called conformational analysis

Topics Covered Bond Characteristics reading the financial pages Bond Prices and Yields Bond prices and interest rates YTM VS. current yield Rate of Return Interest Rate Risk The Yield Curve Nominal and Real Rates of Interest

H ydrocarbons that contain carbon-carbon triple bond are called alkynes. Non- cyclic alkynes have the molecular formula C, H2n-2. Acetylene (HCCH) is th simplest alkyne. We call compounds that have their triple bond at the end of a carbon chain(RC=CH) monosubstituted, or terminal, alkynes. Disubstituted alkynes (RCCR') are said to have internal triple bonds. You will see in this chapter that a car- bon-carbon triple bond is a functional group, reacting with many of the same reagents

8.1 Chemical Bonds 8.2 Ionic bond, 8.3 Covalent Bonding 8.4 Bond polarity & 8.4 Bond polarity & electronegativity electronegativity 8.5 Lewis Structure