私立华联学院：《英语国家概况》课程教学资源（试卷习题）The Reflection to Unit 2（含答案）.doc_大学文库

1 The Reflection to Unit 2 I. Please decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F). ______1. The written record of European history only started with Roman conquest in the year 55 BC. ______2. The Celts must be the earliest inhabitants in the British Isles. ______3. ‘Hadrian’s Wall’ was built in the reign of English King called Hadrian to defend England against the Romans. ______4. In June, 1215, King John at Runnymede was forced to sing the Magna Carta, a document granting English political and civil liberties. ______5. The First Nations in Canada include the Inuit people. ______6. The Colonial wars were also called French and Indian War ______7. Before the Opium Wars were launched, the British East India Company sold lots of opium to China. ______8. Treaty of Nanjing (Nanking) was the only unfair treaty for China signed at the end of the Opium Wars. ______9. Most Irish people were Catholics, and they were different from those Protestant British people. ______10. Kingdom of Ireland was united with Great Britain in 1801. ______11. The Industrial Revolution first took place in Britain mainly from the middle of the 18th century to the middle of the 19th century then spread to the other countries in the world. ______12. This revolution is a process of changes from an agrarian, handicraft economy to industrial one featuring machinery manufacture. ______13. The Tory Party in the 19th century, which mainly consisted of the bourgeoisie, gained more and more control of the British Parliament against the royalist party--Whig party. ______14. The Reform Act in 1832 transferred the voting privileges from the small rural boroughs controlled by the nobility and squires to the big newly developed industrial towns and cities. ______15. Queen Victoria was the longest reigning monarch of the United Kingdom with 63 years of rule. ______16. Intolerable Acts comprised Boston Port Act and the Quartering Act. ______17. The first battle in Lexington and Concord on 19th April, 1775, triggered the American War of Independence. ______18. Declaration of Independence was drafted only by Thomas Jefferson. ______19. The First Federal Government was established in 1776 after the Declaration of Independence in America. ______20. New Zealand was the first country to grant women the voting right in 1893. II. Please make the best choice for each of the following questions or the incomplete statements

5 8. In 1936, Hitler signed alliances with _________________'s Fascist Italy and military totalitarian _______________to oppose the growing power ____________ in the name of ____________________. 9. It was on Easter Monday, 24 April, 1916 that an____________ took place in _________, Ireland against______________. The rebels took over the Dublin Post Office and proclaimed a republic. 10. On 29 October, 1929, noted as ______________, the _______________ on Wall Street suffered one of the most devastating _____________________ in history. 11. The New Deal mainly focused on three goals: direct relief, _____________ and_______________. 12. On 14 Aug, 1941, President ______________ and British Prime Minister ______________on the high seas jointly signed the _________________. 13. The Cold War generally refers to the political and diplomatic rivalry and hostility mainly between the _____________ and______________ and their respective allies. 14. In 1947, President Harry Truman advocated the _________________ to offer economic and military assistance to Europe for _________________. 15. In 1947, the American government put forward the _______________, also known as the European Recovery Act, to help the economic recovery of __________. 16. American Senator __________________ was the most notorious person who strongly opposed communism and was well known for his _____________________________ 17. The term ______________ was later used to refer to the hysterical investigation of a government’s opponents or suspects without sufficient____________. 18. One of the ___________ confrontations between ___________ and the Soviet Union was over the __________________ in Cuba. 19. Vietnam War was a long-drawn-out military conflict between the North Vietnam supported by Communist forces of ___________ and the Soviet Union and the South Vietnam aided by ________________ from 1954 to 1975. 20. In order to send enough soldiers to the war, the conservative Prime Minister Robert Borden had to bring in ____________, compulsory military service against the objection of those ______________ or Quebecois in 1917. IV. Please have a discussion with your partner or your group members on at least five or six of the following interesting topics. 1. What was the main cause for the Norman Conquest? 2． What were the immediate cause and the consequence of the Hundred Years’ War? 3. How much do you know about Wars of the Roses? 4. What was English Civil War? 5. What was ‘Glorious Revolution’? 6． What was William Penn’s Holy Experiment?

destroving many British maior cities as well as one-sixth of the housing in london 7.The death toll in World War II exceeded but nearly two-thirds of thos killed were civilians,especially notably in Eastern Europe and the Nanking Massacre 8.In 1936.Hitler signed alliances with Benito Mussolini's Fascist Italy and military totalitarian Japan to oppose the growing power Soviet Union in the name of anti-Communism 9 It wason Easter Monday,24 April,1916 that an prising took place in Dublin.Irelanc against British rule.The rebels took over the Dublin Post Office and proclaimed a republic 10.On 29 October,1929,noted as Black Tuesday,the New York Stock Exchange on Wall Street suffered one of the most devastating stock market erashes in history. The New Deal mainly focused on three goals direct relief.o recovery and fnancial refor四 12.On 14 Aug.1941.President Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchil on the high seas jointly signed the Atlantic Charter 13.The Cold War generally refers to the political and diplomatic rivalry and hostility mainly between the soviet union and the United States and thei ctive allies 14. In 1947.Pres sident Harry Truman ated the Truman Doctrine to and military assistance to Europe for anti-Communism 15.In 1947.the American government put forward the Marshall Plan,also known as the European Recovery Act,to help the economic recovery of Europe. 16. American Senator Joseph McCarthy was the most notorious n who strongly oppo nunism and was well kn vn for his Communist-h 17. The term MeCarthyism was later used to refer to the hysterical investigation of a government's opponents or suspects without sufficient evidence 18.One of the Cold War confrontations between the US and the Soviet Union was over the nuclear weapons in Cuba 19. Vietnam Warwas a long-drawn-out mlitary ic between the North Vietnam supported by Communist forces of China and the Soviet Union and South Vietnam aided by the United States from 1954 to 1975 20.In order to send enough soldiers to the war.the conservative Prime Minister Robert Borden had to bring in conseription.compulsory military service against the obiection ofthose french-Canadians or Quebecois in 1917 IV.Please have a discussion with your partner or your group members on at least five or six of the following interesting topics. 1.What was the main cause for the Norman Conquest? After Edward the Confessor died,Harold Go winson,Edward's brother-in-law,wa chosen by the Witan as the legal successor Harold II,for he had assisted Edward for the country all the time.However.William,Duke of Normandy in France,who was Edward's cousin,claimed he had more right to the crown,for Edward the Confessor once had promised to choose him as the right heir. 7

7 destroying many British major cities as well as one-sixth of the housing in London. 7. The death toll in World War II exceeded over 60 million, but nearly two-thirds of those killed in the war were civilians, especially notably in the Holocaust in Eastern Europe and the Nanking Massacre. 8. In 1936, Hitler signed alliances with Benito Mussolini's Fascist Italy and military totalitarian Japan to oppose the growing power Soviet Union in the name of anti-Communism . 9. It was on Easter Monday, 24 April, 1916 that an uprising took place in Dublin, Ireland against British rule. The rebels took over the Dublin Post Office and proclaimed a republic. 10. On 29 October, 1929, noted as Black Tuesday, the New York Stock Exchange on Wall Street suffered one of the most devastating stock market crashes in history. 11. The New Deal mainly focused on three goals: direct relief, economic recovery and financial reform. 12. On 14 Aug, 1941, President Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill on the high seas jointly signed the Atlantic Charter. 13. The Cold War generally refers to the political and diplomatic rivalry and hostility mainly between the Soviet Union and the United States and their respective allies. 14. In 1947, President Harry Truman advocated the Truman Doctrine to offer economic and military assistance to Europe for anti-Communism. 15. In 1947, the American government put forward the Marshall Plan, also known as the European Recovery Act, to help the economic recovery of Europe. 16. American Senator Joseph McCarthy was the most notorious person who strongly opposed communism and was well known for his Communist-hunting investigations. 17. The term McCarthyism was later used to refer to the hysterical investigation of a government’s opponents or suspects without sufficient evidence. 18. One of the Cold War confrontations between the US and the Soviet Union was over the nuclear weapons in Cuba. 19. Vietnam War was a long-drawn-out military conflict between the North Vietnam supported by Communist forces of China and the Soviet Union and the South Vietnam aided by the United States from 1954 to 1975. 20. In order to send enough soldiers to the war, the conservative Prime Minister Robert Borden had to bring in conscription, compulsory military service against the objection of those French-Canadians or Quebecois in 1917. IV. Please have a discussion with your partner or your group members on at least five or six of the following interesting topics. 1. What was the main cause for the Norman Conquest? After Edward the Confessor died, Harold Godwinson, Edward’s brother-in-law, was chosen by the Witan as the legal successor—Harold II, for he had assisted Edward for the country all the time. However, William, Duke of Normandy in France, who was Edward’s cousin, claimed he had more right to the crown, for Edward the Confessor once had promised to choose him as the right heir

2.What were the immediate cause and the consequence of the Hundred Years'War? The immediate e of the Hundred YearsWa the Frenc throne.When the Fren king Charles IV died without an heir in 1328,English King Edward whose mother was the sister of Charles IV,claimed that he had the right to ascend the throne.Therefore. Edward Ill invaded Flanders in France in 1337to assert his claim to the French crown. The war caused enormous suffering in both countries.especially france.It contributed a lot tothe decline of the feudalism,the feudal nobility was destroyed,but a new social order continent,it began its expansion at sea 3.How much do you know about Wars of the Roses? The throne of England had always been the crucial issue for the royal families in history especially in the 15th century.Right after the Hundred Years'War,England continued to witnes r series of civil wa from 455 to5.The wars were fo ught between tw royal families the House of Lancaster and the House of York.The e House of Lancaster's emblem was a red rose,and the House of York was a white rose,hence the name of the two families'wars-Wars of the Roses.Finally.the forces of the House of Lancaster won.their leader.Henry Tudor.became Henry VIl.the father of Henry VIll.Henry Vll united the Lancasterians and Yorkists by marriage,thus began the Tudor Dynasty. 4. What was English Civil War? English Civil War refers to a series of civil wars between the Parliamentarians(Roundheads) and the Royalists(Cavaliers)from 1642 to 1651.The English monarchs,who often abused privilege.CharlesI inpricuar.ee f incoictwith Parlament The war on of Charles I in 1649 as well as the exile of his s Then a republican government,Commonwealth of England was established from 1649 t 1653 uniting England (including Wales).Scotland and Ireland.Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector of England and enforced military administration between 1653 and 1659.The wars were also called English Revolution.Since then a Constitution has been developed that the British onarchs could not govern without the the Parliamen What wasGlorious Revolution'? James II was an absolute Catholic and very unpopular among his people because of his severe persecution of the Protestants.So unsatisfied with James II,the oppositional leaders especially the Parliamentarians invited James II's daughter Mary and her hus army to overthre the king in 1688. ithout a battle James I was forced o flee to Franc As both Mary and William IlI were Protestants,they were asked tojointly rule England on the basis of Bill of Rights.The bloodless revolution was called 'Glorious Revolution'.The Bill of Rights placed restrictions on the monarch's sovereign power but gave political supremacy to Parliament It became one of the basic statutes of the later British Constitution and Constitutional Monarchy 6.What was William Penn's Holy Experiment? William Penn,a Quaker leader,was the founder of Pennsylvania.Since King Charles II owed

8 2． What were the immediate cause and the consequence of the Hundred Years’ War? The immediate cause of the Hundred Years’ War was the French throne. When the French king Charles IV died without an heir in 1328, English King Edward III, whose mother was the sister of Charles IV, claimed that he had the right to ascend the throne. Therefore, Edward III invaded Flanders in France in 1337 to assert his claim to the French crown. The war caused enormous suffering in both countries, especially France. It contributed a lot to the decline of the feudalism, the feudal nobility was destroyed, but a new social order was established. Though England ended its status as a power on the continent, it began its expansion at sea. 3. How much do you know about Wars of the Roses? The throne of England had always been the crucial issue for the royal families in history, especially in the 15th century. Right after the Hundred Years’ War, England continued to witness another series of civil war from 1455 to1485. The wars were fought between two royal families: the House of Lancaster and the House of York. The House of Lancaster’s emblem was a red rose, and the House of York was a white rose, hence the name of the two families’ wars—Wars of the Roses. Finally, the forces of the House of Lancaster won, their leader, Henry Tudor, became Henry VII, the father of Henry VIII. Henry VII united the Lancasterians and Yorkists by marriage, thus began the Tudor Dynasty. 4. What was English Civil War? English Civil War refers to a series of civil wars between the Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and the Royalists (Cavaliers) from 1642 to 1651. The English monarchs, who often abused their privilege, Charles I in particular, were often in conflict with Parliament. The war ended with the execution of Charles I in 1649 as well as the exile of his son Charles II in 1651. Then a republican government, Commonwealth of England was established from 1649 to 1653 uniting England (including Wales), Scotland and Ireland. Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector of England and enforced military administration between 1653 and 1659. The wars were also called English Revolution. Since then a Constitution has been developed that the British monarchs could not govern without the consent of the Parliament. 5. What was ‘Glorious Revolution’? James II was an absolute Catholic and very unpopular among his people because of his severe persecution of the Protestants. So unsatisfied with James II, the oppositional leaders especially the Parliamentarians invited James II’s daughter Mary and her husband William III to bring an army to overthrow the king in 1688. Without a battle, James II was forced to flee to France. As both Mary and William III were Protestants, they were asked to jointly rule England on the basis of Bill of Rights. The bloodless revolution was called ‘Glorious Revolution’. The Bill of Rights placed restrictions on the monarch’s sovereign power but gave political supremacy to Parliament. It became one of the basic statutes of the later British Constitution and Constitutional Monarchy. 6．What was William Penn’s Holy Experiment? William Penn, a Quaker leader, was the founder of Pennsylvania. Since King Charles II owed

his father who had died a debt of 16000 nounds william Pen used this as an excuse to ask the King to grant him a right to set upa colony in North America in 1681.After he arrived,he began to carry outthe Holy Experimentto welcome all the immigrants to enjoy liberty and equality in the new land regardless of nationalities and religions.As the proprietor of Pennsylvania.William Pen also established a liberal self-government which should no interfere in a person's religious belief,according to the Quakerism.Therefore the policy of separation of state and church in Pennsylvania was introduced. Penn's ideal holy experiment inspired many American founding fathers such as Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin,and made a significant impact on American values. 7.What was American Civil War? American Civil War was the military conflict between the Union of North and the Confederate of South.It mainly y ros 504op冲EpE0nP slavery system should be abolished,while the South,economy of which mainly depended on the plantation and agriculture,strongly favored the slavery system.Under the leadership of Abraham Lincoln.the Union finally defeated the Confederacy led by Jefferson Devis in 1865 The slavery was abolished after the Civil War,thus a strong central government was established.The Congress passed the Thirteen,Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitutions,which offered equal rights and votes for the African Americans. 8 What were the major measures in the New Deal taken by American Presiden Roosevelt's government? The New Deal mainly focused on three goals:direct relief,economic recovery and financial reform.These goals were pursued in two phases.The first phase(1933-1934)attempted to offer various recovery and relief programs for the unemployed agricultral and business public works,ete.Lots established,notably the m Federa poinc Corp Exchange Commission and so on.In addition to the relief and recovery measures,the second phase (1935-1941)provided social and economic legislation for the benefit of grassroots. One of the maior proiects was the social security system established in 1935 to offer the unemployment insrance and old age pensions 9. How much do you know about the social changes in Canada after the two World Wars? The postwar prosperity and economic growth led to a baby boom and a large immigration ir Canada.especially the increasing number of non-European immigrants.Many social oroblems such as racism or racial discrimination arose.Therefore.great efforts were taken by the federal go entto deal with thes problems The Acts against the racisn were passed in 197and 1976.The policy of Multiculturalism began to be carried out in 1971.A series of social democratic programs were introduced from the 1960s such as Universal Health Care,Canada Pension Plan,Canada Student Loans,ete

9 his father who had died a debt of 16000 pounds, William Pen used this as an excuse to ask the King to grant him a right to set up a colony in North America in 1681. After he arrived, he began to carry out ‘the Holy Experiment’ to welcome all the immigrants to enjoy liberty and equality in the new land regardless of nationalities and religions. As the proprietor of Pennsylvania, William Pen also established a liberal self-government, which should not interfere in a person’s religious belief, according to the Quakerism. Therefore the policy of separation of state and church in Pennsylvania was introduced. Penn’s ideal holy experiment inspired many American founding fathers such as Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin, and made a significant impact on American values. 7. What was American Civil War? American Civil War was the military conflict between the Union of North and the Confederate of South from 1861 to 1865. It mainly rose out of the disputes over the issues of slavery, trade and tariffs, and the doctrine of states’ rights. The Industrial North asserted the slavery system should be abolished, while the South, economy of which mainly depended on the plantation and agriculture, strongly favored the slavery system. Under the leadership of Abraham Lincoln, the Union finally defeated the Confederacy led by Jefferson Devis in 1865. The slavery was abolished after the Civil War, thus a strong central government was established. The Congress passed the Thirteen, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitutions, which offered equal rights and votes for the African Americans. 8. What were the major measures in the New Deal taken by American President Roosevelt’s government? The New Deal mainly focused on three goals: direct relief, economic recovery and financial reform. These goals were pursued in two phases. The first phase (1933 -1934) attempted to offer various recovery and relief programs for the unemployed, agricultural and business legislation, public works, etc. Lots of emergency organizations were established, notably the National Recovery Administration, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation，Securities and Exchange Commission and so on. In addition to the relief and recovery measures, the second phase (1935-1941) provided social and economic legislation for the benefit of grassroots. One of the major projects was the social security system established in 1935 to offer the unemployment insurance and old age pensions. 9. How much do you know about the social changes in Canada after the two World Wars? The postwar prosperity and economic growth led to a baby boom and a large immigration in Canada, especially the increasing number of non-European immigrants. Many social problems such as racism or racial discrimination arose. Therefore, great efforts were taken by the federal government to deal with these problems. The Immigration Acts against the racism were passed in 1967 and 1976. The policy of Multiculturalism began to be carried out in 1971. A series of social democratic programs were introduced from the 1960s such as Universal Health Care, Canada Pension Plan, Canada Student Loans, etc

10.Can you name two or three female prime ministers you know in these English-speaking countries? Margaret Thatcher,Jenny Shipley.Helen Clark Margaret Thateher was the United Kingdom's first woman prime minister,and held the post of Prir me Minister for longer than anyone in the.She in1979.a resigned in 1990.As the leader of Conservative Party,she favored privatization plans.She earned the nickname "The Iron Lady. As the leader of National Party.Jenny Shipley became New Zealand's first woman prime minister in 997.She tried hard to reform the public health service. Helen Clark,the leader of Labor Party,became the Prime Minister in 1999 after defeating the National Party.Clark contributed a lot to nuclear disarmament.and the promotion of both public health and the arts.However,Clark's government didn't quite support the Maoris claim to their own riginal land in the counry,though they were entitled to the right of land claims.Thus any Maoris were turned away from the government and tried to o build thei wn political party 11.What was the White Australia Policy? From 1901 to 1973.Australia adopted White Australia Policy in order to encourage more Restriction Act pas limited Australia,particularly from China and India The restrictions on immigration started with anti-Chinese policy during the Australian Gold Rushes in the 1850s.Captivated by the discovery of gold in Australia at that time.nearly 40.000 Chinese (mostly Cantonese)rushed there and settled down over the following 20 years The white p ectors were extremely satisfied with the stron competitio there w a between the Chinese and the white people,and the Chinese were often blamed for bad luck and "unfair”competit由on. 12.What was the main cause for the Cold War? After the World War in Europe fell apar The Soviet Unior and the US emerged d and tured into the two superpowers in the wor rld The Soviet Unio gained dominance in Eastern Europe,the US together with Britain and other western European countries began to fear the expansion of soviet power and communism so in order to prevent the soviet Union from increasing its power and expanding its communism in the world,the US started a Cold War against the Soviet Union together with their allies from the end of the World War II to the early 1990s.Si e there wasn actual fighting between the two,but just political and diplomatic rivalry and hostility,it was called 'Cold War'but not the bloody 'hot war' 13.What was Mabo Decision?

10 10. Can you name two or three female prime ministers you know in these English-speaking countries? Margaret Thatcher, Jenny Shipley, Helen Clark Margaret Thatcher was the United Kingdom's first woman prime minister, and held the post of Prime Minister for longer than anyone in the 20th century. She was elected in 1979, and resigned in 1990. As the leader of Conservative Party, she favored privatization plans. She earned the nickname "The Iron Lady." As the leader of National Party, Jenny Shipley became New Zealand’s first woman prime minister in 1997. She tried hard to reform the public health service. Helen Clark, the leader of Labor Party, became the Prime Minister in 1999 after defeating the National Party. Clark contributed a lot to nuclear disarmament, and the promotion of both public health and the arts. However, Clark’s government didn’t quite support the Maoris’ claim to their own original land in the country, though they were entitled to the right of land claims. Thus many Maoris were turned away from the government and tried to build their own political party. 11. What was the White Australia Policy? From 1901 to 1973, Australia adopted White Australia Policy in order to encourage more European immigrants instead of non-White ones. The key legislation was the Immigration Restriction Act passed by Parliament of Australia in 1901. This act limited immigration to Australia, particularly from China and India. The restrictions on immigration started with anti-Chinese policy during the Australian Gold Rushes in the 1850s. Captivated by the discovery of gold in Australia at that time, nearly 40,000 Chinese (mostly Cantonese) rushed there and settled down over the following 20 years. The white prospectors were extremely unsatisfied with the strong competition of the Chinese. Therefore, there was a conflict between the Chinese and the white people, and the Chinese were often blamed for bad luck and “unfair” competition. 12. What was the main cause for the Cold War? After the World War II, the wartime alliance in Europe soon fell apart. The Soviet Union and the US emerged and turned into the two superpowers in the world. The Soviet Union gained dominance in Eastern Europe, the US together with Britain and other western European countries began to fear the expansion of Soviet power and communism. So in order to prevent the Soviet Union from increasing its power and expanding its communism in the world, the US started a Cold War against the Soviet Union together with their respective allies from the end of the World War II to the early 1990s. Since there was no actual fighting between the two, but just political and diplomatic rivalry and hostility, it was called ‘Cold War’ but not the bloody ‘hot war’. 13. What was Mabo Decision?