现在完成时讲解 的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间 基本结构:助动词 have/has+过去分词(done) 段), sInce(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用. 句型: ①for+时段 否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. ②snce+过去一个时间点(译为:自从…以来 一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 ③ sInce+时段+ago 简略答语:Yes,主语+have/has(肯定) ④ since+从句(过去时) No,主语+ haven' t/hasn't否定) ⑥Itis+时段+ sInce+从句〔过去时) 用法 Mary has been ill for three days (1)现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影 i have lived here since 1998 响或结果 四. has gone(to), has been(to), has been(in)的区别 I have spent all of my money( so far)(合含义是:现在 Have/ Has gone(to):去了(现在不在说话现场) 我没有钱花了) Where is your father He has gone to Shanghai Guo zijun has( just/already)come.(含义:郭子君现在在 Have/Has been(to):去过(已不在去过的地方) 这儿) ly father has been to Shanghai. My father has gone to work含义是我爸爸现在不在这儿) Have/has been in:呆了多久(还在所呆的地方) (2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的持续到现在 ly father has been in Shanghai for two months. Isin ce two months ago
现在完成时讲解 一． 基本结构：助动词 have/has+过去分词(done) 二． 句型： 否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他. 简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定) 三．用法 （1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影 响或结果 I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在 我没有钱花了.) Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在 这儿) My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在 的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be 动词表示）常与 for（+时间 段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. ①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来） ③since+时段+ago ④since+从句（过去时） ●⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 四． has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别 Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场) Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方） My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方） My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /sin ce two months ago
五,现在完成时的标志 She has passed the exams far.到目前为止她已经通过了考 1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以试 下四大标志词可以表达这种含义 2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在,甚至有可能继续延续下 *以a1 ready,just和yet为标志 去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手进 He has already got her help..他已得到她的帮助。 一步学习现在完成时 He has just seen the film他刚刚看过这场电影 ①for+时段② since+过去一个时间点(过去从句) He hasn’ t come back yet.他还没有回来。 为标志 *以ever和 never为标志 This is the best film i have ever seen..这是我曾经看过的最好注意:1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如 yesterd 的一部电影 ay, ast week, three years ago等;2)不能与when连用2现在 He has never been to beijing.他从没有到过北京。 完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 *以动作发生的次数为标志 He says he has been to the USa three times.他说他已经去,过去分词 过美国三次了。 、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词 *以 so far(到目前为止)为标+ efore 的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则: He has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京 (1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ed
五．现在完成时的标志 1. 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以 下四大标志词可以表达这种含义: * 以 already, just 和 yet 为标志 He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasn't come back yet. 他还没有回来。 * 以 ever 和 never 为标志 This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好 的一部电影。 He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。 * 以动作发生的次数为标志 He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去 过美国三次了。 * 以 so far（到目前为止）为标+before He has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。 She has passed the examso far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考 试。 2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下 去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进 一步学习现在完成时。 * ①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点（过去 从句） 为标志 注意： 1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterd ay,last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与 when连用 2.现在 完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 六．过去分词 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词 的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed
work---worked--worked visit---visited---visited (2)、以“e"结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d" live---lived--lived putput put (3)、以“辅音字母+y"结尾的动词,将"y"变为"”,再 et setset shut shut shut study--studied---studied, cry---cried---cried spread spread spread (4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音 read read read read原形发音为/d过去式和过去分词发音为 字母,再加“ed"。 stop---stopped---stopped, drop---dropped--dropped AAB型 2、不规则动词 beat beat be aten AAA型 ABA型 原型过去式过去分词 become became become burst burst burst hurthurthurt let let let run ran run cast cast cast come came come cost cost cost 特殊情况 cut cut cut ABB型 hit hit hit bring brought brought
work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音 字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词： AAA 型 原型 过去式 过去分词 burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt let let let cast cast cast cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit put put put set set set shut shut shut spread spread spread read read read read 原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为 /red/ AAB 型 beat beat beaten ABA 型 become became become run ran run come came come 特殊情况 ABB 型 bring brought brought
buy bought bought shoot shot shot build built built sit satsat burn burnt burnt stand stoodstood catch caught caught sweep swept swept dig dug dug teach taught taught feel felt felt tell toldtold fight foughtfought think thought thought find found found win won won hear heard heard ABC型 hold heldheld begin began begun keep kept kept blow blew blown lay laid laid break broke broken lead ledled choose chose chosen lose lost lost draw drew drawn make made made drive drove driven meet met met drink drank drunk sell soldsold fly flew flown
buy bought bought build built built burn burnt burnt catch caught caught dig dug dug feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found hear heard heard hold held held keep kept kept lay laid laid lead led led lose lost lost make made made meet met met sell sold sold shoot shot shot sit sat sat stand stood stood sweep swept swept teach taught taught tell told told think thought thought win won won ABC 型 begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken choose chose chosen draw drew drawn drive drove driven drink drank drunk fly flew flown
forgive forgave forgiven buy----have borrow ----keep forget forgot forgotten comelarrive/reach/get to-----be in freeze froze frozen go out----be out leave ----be away begin-----be on finish---be over open----be open close ----be closed know knew known die---.be dead ride rode ridden ★1have代替buy rise rose risen ly brother has had不能用 has bought) this bike for a ring rang rung Most four years. shake shook shaken ★2、用keep或have代誉 borrow Sing sang sung I have kept(不能用 have borrowed) the book for quite sink sank sunk a few days. ★3、用be誊代 become throw threw thrown How long has your sister been a teacher? rite wrote written ★4用 have a cold代替 catch a cold 七,瞬间动词(buy,die,join,come,go, leave,join…)不能 Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday 直接与 for since连用。要改变动词 ★5、用wear代替 put on
forgive forgave forgiven forget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen give gave given grow grew grown know knew known ride rode ridden rise rose risen ring rang rung shake shook shaken sing sang sung sink sank sunk swim swam swum throw threw thrown write wrote written 七． 瞬间动词（buy,die,join,come，go ,leave,join ……）不能 直接与 for since 连用。要改变动词 buy----have borrow -----keep come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in go out----be out leave ----be away begin-----be on finish----be over open----be open close -----be closed die----be dead ★1.have 代替 buy My brother has had(不能用 has bought) this bike for a lmost four years. ★2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrow I have kept(不能用 have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. ★3、用 be 替代 become How long has your sister been a teacher? ★4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. ★5、用 wear 代替 put on
b)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词 常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表 、be+ married代 marry2、be+ⅲ代fall(get)il 1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. comelg 3、be+dead代die4、be+ asleep代fall(get) aslee e/moved to sw 5、be+ awake代 wake/wake up6、be+gone代lose,die, → have been in sw.Jat.相应的介词 7、be+open代open8、 be closed代 close/shut 3. have come/gone out - have been out 9、be+ mIssing(gone,ost)代lose 4, have become- have been c)用“be+副词”代终止性动词 5. have closed opened- have been closelopen 1“"be+on”代 start; begin 6. have got up- have been up; 2“be+up"代 get up 7. have died have been dead; 3“be+back(to”代 return to, come back to, go back to 8 have left sw. have been away from sw 4“ be here( there)”代come( arrive, reach,get)here或go 9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been aslee ( arrive, reach,get) there等等 d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词 10 have finis hedlended/ -have been ove 1" be in/at+地点”代替 go to /come to 2用 be in the army代替 join the army 11. havemarried -, have been married bein/at+地点”代替 move to
b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词 1、be＋married 代 marry 2、be＋ill 代 fall (get) ill 3、be＋dead 代 die 4、be＋asleep 代 fall (get) asleep 5、be＋awake 代 wake/wake up 6、be＋gone 代 lose,die, sell,leave 7、be＋open 代 open 8、be closed 代 close/shut 9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代 lose c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词 1“be＋on”代 start,begin 2“be＋up”代 get up 3“be＋back(to)”代 return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代 come(arrive,reach,get) here 或 go (arrive,reach,get) there 等等 d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替 go to /come to 2.用 be in the army 代替 join the army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替 move to 常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表： 1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gon e/moved to sw. →have been in sw./at…相应的介词 2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back 3. have come/gone out →have been out 4. have become → have been 5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open 6. have got up → have been up； 7. have died → have been dead； 8. have left sw. → have been away from sw. 9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been aslee p； 10. have finished/ended/completed → have been ove r； 11. havemarried → have been married；
12 have started/begun to do sth have done sth told him the news 2. She come back from school 13 have begun- have been on 14 have borrowed/bought -have kept/had won the game. 15. have lost haven't had B)按要求改写下列各句 6. have put on -have worn 17 have caught iget a cold have had a cold; 4. They have bought a computer.(改成否定句) 18 have got to know have known 19. have/has gone to- have been in 5. He has lost his book. 20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Part(先改成一般疑问句再作背定与否定回答) y/the army -have been a member ofl have been in/have been t c)单项选择 he Party's member/the league member/the soldier. 6. -Where have you Kate? 现在完成时练习(一) to the bank. A)选用have,has填空: A. gone, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. been, gone
12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ； 13. have begun → have been on 14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had 15. have lost → haven’t had 16. have put on →have worn 17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold； 18. have got to know → have known 19. have/has gone to → have been in 20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Part y/the army →have been a member of/ have been in/have been t he Party’s member/the league member/the soldier… 现在完成时练习(一) A)选用 have, has 填空: 1.I _______ told him the news. 2.She ________ come back from school. 3.You ________ won the game. B)按要求改写下列各句: 4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句) _________________________________________ 5.He has lost his book. (先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答) _________________________________________ C) 单项选择 6. -Where have you _____, Kate? -I've ______ to the bank. A. gone, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. been, gone
7. Her grandfather for two years. A, just B. ago C before D. a moment ago A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died 4、 The famous writer one new book in the past two y ears 8. It s six weeks I met you last. A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written A. when B. since C. before d. for 5、-0 ur country a lot so fe 9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already. Yes. I hope it will be even A. have got B. have gone to C. have been to d. have reache A. has changed: well B. changed: good C. has changed: better D. changed: better 、 Zhao lan 现在完成时练习(二) already in this school for two years. 单项选择 A. was: studying B. wi 1: study l, Both his parents look sad. Maybe they C. has: studied D. are: studying happened to him.(呼和浩特 Xiao Li since she was a little girl A. knew b. have know must know D. will know A, know b. had known C. have known d, knew has been to Shanghai, has he 8, Harry Potter is a very nice film.I it twice A. already B. never C. ever D. still A. will see b. have seen c. saw d. see 3、 Have you met Mr li 9, -These farmers have been to the united States
7. Her grandfather ______ for two years. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died 8. It's six weeks ______ I met you last. A. when B. since C. before D. for 9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already. A. have got B. have gone to C. have been to D. have reache d 现在完成时练习（二） 一、 单项选择。 1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .（呼和浩特） Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know 2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ? Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still 3、Have you met Mr Li ______？ Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago 4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two y ears . Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written 5、—Our country ______ a lot so far . —Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years . Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying 7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice . Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see 9、—These farmers have been to the United States
-Really When there C, has been on d, began A. will they go B. did they go 15、It ten years since he left the army c. do they go d. have they gon A, is b. has C. will d. was you your homework yet 16 Miss Green isnt in the office. she to the it a moment ago library A. Did: do: finished B. Have: done: finished A has gone B. went C will go D. has been C. Have: done have finished D. will i do finish 17, My parents Shandong for ten 11、 His father the Party since 1978 A, have been in b. have been to A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in C. have gone to d. have been 12,--Do you know him well? 18 The students have cleaned the classroom, Sure. We friends since ten years ago. A. so they b. don't they C. have they d. haven't they A. were B. have been C. have become d, have made 19, has Mr White been a member of greener China since he to 13,-How long have you here China? 一 About two months, A. How soon, comes B. How often, got A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 1、 Hurry up! The play for ten minutes 20, His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has begun B. had begun A. has come here b. has started to work
—Really ? When _____ there ? Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone 10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes . I _____ it a moment ago . Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish 11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 . Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in 12、—Do you know him well ? — Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago . Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made 13、—How long have you ____ here ? —About two months . Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived 14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes . Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began 15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army . Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was 16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library . Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been 17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years . Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been 18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they 19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle____for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work
C. has lived there d. has left the university 8, The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. L 、句型转换。 两个句子合并成一个句子) 、 He has never surfed,?(改成反意疑间句) 2、 They have been here since200(对划线部分提问) 三、汉译英 they been here? 1、吉姆已做完作业,他现在有空了。 3、 The old man st year 2、他昨天收到一封信 for a year.(die)(动词填空) 3、我父亲以前到过长城 4、 This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory for twenty years. 4、她还没有看过那部新电影。 5、 Miss Gao left an hour ago.(同义句转换) 5、她去过上海。 Miss Gao 6、 Her mother has been a Party member for three years.(同6、他这些天上哪儿去了? 义句) the Party three years 7、 The Green Family moved to france two years ago.(同义句 转换) two years the green family moved to france
C. has lived there D. has left the university 二、 句型转换。 1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句） 2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) ____ ＿＿＿＿ they been here? 3、The old man _________ last year. He＿＿＿＿ for a year. (die) （动词填空） 4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory ________ for twenty years. 5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换) Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago. 6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同 义句） Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ . 7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句 转换) _______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France. 8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把 两个句子合并成一个句子) ___________________________________________ 三、 汉译英。 1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。 2、 他昨天收到一封信。 3、 我父亲以前到过长城。 4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。 5、 她去过上海。 6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？