看真相不要看假相 二、金相试样制备
二、金相试样制备 1 看真相不要看假相
好样品是成功的一半
好样品是成功的一半 2
金相学(metallography) ·Metallography: -A systematic method to examine microstructure of materials(mainly metallic materials) Can also be used to examine ceramics, polymers and semiconductors
金相学(metallography) • Metallography: – A systematic method to examine microstructure of materials (mainly metallic materials) – Can also be used to examine ceramics, polymers and semiconductors 3
Robert Hooke(1635-1703) 于17世纪晚期设计的显微镜 www.instrumnont com.c 图1铁顾石腐刻后直接印制的魏氏组织(1820) Count Alois von Beckh Widmanstatten Π.Π.AHOCOB H.C.Sorby A.Martens F6 F.Osmond Fig'5
4 Count Alois von Beckh Widmanstätten П.П. Аносов H.C. Sorby A. Martens F. Osmond Robert Hooke(1635-1703) 于17世纪晚期设计的显微镜
取样 制样 浸蚀 观察 5
5 取样 制样 浸蚀 观察
取样 礼制表而 轧斜方狗阿 3 图1~1轧制刑材金相试样的拟 1一与轧捌彩预℉行的纵断面2一与轧制表面垂直的纵断面 3一横断面4一欢射挑断啊6一切向纵断面 6
取样 6
Crystallographic orientation Sample frame ND RD Rotation matrix g ) Sample frame (S) TD orthogonal,preferably right-handed frame Preferably chosen according to important mathematical description of orientations directions or surfaces associated with specimen ·rolling:RD,TD.ND crystallographic orientation g: uniaxial (e.g.tension/compression): 100j 01 ·principal axis:Z, rotation to transform the sample frame {S) .X.Y perpendicular(arbitrary) into the crystal frame (C) 001 {C=g·S) [100 [010 Crystal frame g:3x3 rotation matrix crystal frame C=(c.c2.ca)specified by directions in the crystal choice,in principle,arbitrary.yet conveniently adapted to crystal symmetry B11 12 g13 cubic crystal symmetry a=b=c,a=B=Y=90° (C.C2.ca)=100).[010L [001) g= 821 822 823 orthogonal symmetry (cubic,tetragonal,orthorhombic) 831 832 833 a≠b≠C,t=B=Y-90° normalisation of axes a.b.c to unity (l.e.divide x.y.z by lattice constants a.b.c) 7
Crystallographic orientation 7
Crystallographic orientation Euler-angles ND Sample frame ND RD (001) ) orientation:rotation to transtorm Sample frame (S) the sample frame (S)into the TD← 多010 orthogonal,preferably right-handed frame crystal frame (C) Preferably chosen according to important TD" directions or surfaces associated with specimen (Bunge,1969) ΦTD 1.rotation by about ND >TD ·rolling:RD,TD.ND uniaxial (e.g.tension compression): 100 2.rotation by about RD' [0101 ·principal axis:Z, 3.rotation by about ND" .X.Y perpendicular(arbitrary) RD RD (1001 [100 [010 Orientation (Euler)space Crystal frame crystal frame C=(c.c2.ca)specified by directions in Representation of Euler angles the crystal (and,later,ODFs) 0011 360 choice,in principle,arbitrary.yet conveniently adapted to 1112 crystal symmetry 3D space with the coordinates being defined by the Euler angles cubic crystal symmetry orientation space,Euler space,g- a=b=c,a=B=Y=90° space 9.220° (C.C2.ca)=1001.[010L [001) Cartesian(or cylindrical)space orthogonal symmetry (cubic,tetragonal,orthorhombic) a≠b≠C,t=B=Y-90° example: normalisation of axes a,b,c to unity (l.e.divide x.y.z by lattice constants a.b.c) 9=(01,电，9)=(180,90,220） 180° 90° size of Euler-space(=definition range of Euler angles): 0 180° 360° 0°sp1,92≤360°and0°≤中≤180°
Crystallographic orientation 8
取样 niplo.cumm 面au, 9
取样 9
取样 B A usSs杰s益s C sssWIWa2 D 10
取样 10