FOREIGN EXPERIENCE NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF GLASS FIBER IN EASTERN GERMANY E. P. Kocharov ranslated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 8, pp, 40-44, August, 1960 The production of plate glass-plastic-glakrezit For the manufacture of glass-fiber cloth which acts as the reinforcing material in glass-plastics, threads of ordinary alkaline glass(up to 15%0 Na2O)are used. The threads are graded into uniformity of diameter; a variation from a given diameter of *0.5 mm is permitted. The threads e 1750 mm long. They are bent at the end on a special machine to suspend them in the box. Prepared in this way, the threads are placed in the box of the molding machine in batches of 100, after which the box advances at a rate of 17 mm/ /min, feeding the threads to the gas burners. The threads are melted at a temperature of 1000-1200 town's gas C.V.3600-4200ca) The diameter of the winding drum and its width is 1 m; the speed 250 rpm. The drum makes a return-advance movement, displacing for 60 mm, which creates a crossed winding. The diameter of the fiber is 25 p. On a drum is wound the fiber from three boxes. The total winding period is 4.5 hours. The output of the machine is 6-7 kg/ The wound fiber is cut from the drum and the plaits so obtained are stretched onto a table in lengths of which are subsequently wound onto a wooden latticed drum. The lengths are sprayed with a 3h-solution of starch in water, removed from the drum and dried in a drier at 90-110 for 5-20 min The thickness of the fabric is not measured. Control is carried out by weighing a certain quantity of fiber (so many meters). For example, for preparing glass-plastics 2 mm thick the cloth should weigh 1.2 kg with a constant of 2.25 m After drying, the cloth is placed on a conveyer 13 m long and 1 m wide and on its surface is applied resin with a slowly rotating drum with a smoothing scraper. Regulating equipment ensures a supply of the necessary amount of resin(for 1 m"of surface4.2 kg of resol -resin solution) Plaster of paris is used in the resin as a filler -for 100 kg solution, 25-30 kg of plaster. l After application of the resin the cloth is placed on metallic plates dusted with zinc powder in a mixture of stearin and paraffin and covered with a sheet of cellulose impregnated with paraffin. The plate with the cloth is placed on a second conveyer 15 m long. To obtain glass-plastics 2 mm thick, on the cloth, covered with resin, is placed a second(no resin)sheet of paper and a metallic sheet which is sprinkled on the edges with a 10%o solution of paraffin emulsion in water. To obtain glass-plastics 3 mm thick, two cloth pieces covered with resin are placed down, and a third without resin is then applied. The thickness of such a packet is 5-6 cm. At the end of the conveyer is a ten-shelf stillage where the packets go. when the stillage is full the packets advance simultaneously to the hydraulic press. Pressing and polymerization is done at a pressure of 10 kg/cmin a period of 20-25 min, at a temperature of 150. The sheets are heated with steam at a pressure of 5 atm and 160 which is supplied to each pressed sheet. Excess resin is collected during pressing. The resulting sheets of glass-plastic are graded and cut to the required sizes on machines with carborundum wheels Transliteration of Russian- Publisher
FOREIGN EXPERIENC E NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF GLASS FIBER IN ~. P. Kocharov Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 8, pp. 40-44, August, 1960 EASTERN GERMANY The production of plate $1ass-plastic-81akrezit.* For the manufacture of glass-fiber cloth which acts as the reinforcing material in glass-plastics, threads of ordinary alkaline glass (up to 15~ Na20 ) are used. The threads are graded into uniformity of diameter; a variation from a given diameter of * 0.5 mm is permitted. The threads are 1750 mm long. They are bent at the end on a special machine to suspend them in the box. Prepared in this way, the threads are placed in the box of the molding machine in batches of 100, after which the box advances at a rate of 17 ram/ /rain, feeding the threads to the gas burners. The threads are melted at a temperature of 1000-1200 town's gas C. V. 3600-4200 cal). The diameter of the winding drum and its width is 1 m; the speed 250 rpm. The drum makes a return-advance movement, displacing for 60 ram, which creates a crossed winding. The diameter of the fiber is 25 g. On a drum is wound the fiber from three boxes. The total winding period is 4.6 hours. The output of the machine is 6-7 kg/ /hour. The wound fiber is cut from the drum and the plaits so obtained are stretched onto a table in lengths of 1 m which are subsequently wound onto a wooden latticed drum. The lengths are sprayed with a 3%-solution of starch in water, removed from the drum and dried in a drier at 90-110" for 5-20 min. The thickness of the fabric is not measured. Control is carried out by weighing a certain quantity of fiber (so many meters). For example, for preparing glass-plastics 2 mm thick the cloth should weigh 1.2 kg with a constant length of 2. 25 m. After drying, the cloth is placed on a conveyer 13 m long and 1 m wide and on its surface is applied resin with a slowly rotating drum with a smoothing scraper. Regulating equipment ensures a supply of the necessary amount of resin (for 1 m z of surface-4.2 kg ofresoI -resin solution). Plaster of paris is used in the resin as a filler --for 100 kg of resin solution, 25-30 kg of plaster. 2 he conveyer speed is 2-4 m/rain. After application of the resin the cloth is placed on metallic plates dusted with zinc powder in a mixture of stearin and paraffin and covered with a sheet of cellulom impregnated with paraffin. The plate with the cloth is placed on a second conveyer 15 m long. To obtain glass-plastics 2 mm thick, on the cloth, covered with resin, is placed a second (no resin) sheet of paper and a metallic sheet which is sprinkled on the edges with a 10% solution of paraffin emulsion in water. To obtain glass-plastics 3 mm thick, two cloth pieces covered with resin are placed down, and a third without resin is then applied. The thickness of such a packet is 5-6 cm. At the end of the conveyer is a ten-shelf stillage where the packets go, When the stillage is full the packets advance simultaneously to the hydraulic press. Pressing and polymerization is done at a pressure of 10 kg/cm 2 in a period of 20-25 rain, at a temperature of 150". The sheets are heated with steam at a pressure of 5 arm and 160" which is supplied to each pressed sheet, Excess resin is collected during pressing. The resulting sheets of glass-plastic are graded and cut to the required sizes on machines with carborundum wheels. * Translit~ation of Russian-Publisher. 435
The prepared sheets of glass-plastic have the following typical composition: 40 o glass-fiber, 45%o resin, 15%o plaster pa The specific weight of glakrezit is 0. 95-1.2 g/cm. The bending strength of a 2 mm-sheet is 890 kg/cm kg/cm?Dgth-200-500 kg/cm?, the impact strength-950 kg cm/cm?. The elasticity modulus E=5000-6000 The production of rolling materials(matting) Glass-fiber matting is used as a reinforcing material for pre paring soft, ruberoie coverings. Figure 1 shows a scheme of the equipment for making rolling material. Tufts of glass fiber cut from the drums of the molding machines are stretched onto a table into a fine cloth which is fed into a batch of polyvinyl-acetate emulsion coming from a tank where the emulsion is diluted with water at 16-20 in the proportion 1: 1.5 and blended. The prepared solution contains 40o dry material. On each m" of cloth is applied 110-120 g emulsion The cloth impregnated with the solution advances to a tunnel--conveyer drier(35 m long, belt width 1.2 m) here it moves at a speed of 4 m/min, being dried with circulating hot dry air. The air is withdrawn from outside with fans and heated in stoves to 180. The heated air advances to the drier through a nozzle placed in line with the conveyer belt. The wet air at the reduced temperatures of about 120 returns to the stoves for reheating and again rs the drier. is 120 g/m2 and of this about 80 g is glass fiber and about 40 g is bonding m aterial. The breaking strengt orthe The matting coming from the drier is turned into rolls. The width of the prepared material is 1 m, its weigh matting in a longitudinal direction with a width of 50 mm and thickness of 1 mm is 15 kg. The output of a single conveyer is 5000 m" of rolling material a day. Fig. 2. Fig. 1. lTunnel conveyer drier; 2)stove; 3)fan, 4)latticed transporter;5)vacuum drier; 6)glass fiber; 7)solution bath; 8)knives for cutting edges; 9)vacuum tank; 10) yorking glass thre solution tank, 11)solvent tank: 12)rollers; 13)prepared polushelk: Processing of glass polushelk is done with the product. nolding-centrifugal technique, The equipment consists of a molding machine and two centri fuges( Fig. 2) The polushelk is processed in the following way: 60 fibers(1) with a diameter of 40.2 mm with a distance tween the axes of 15 mm are placed vertically in the box fixed to the special frame. The frame makes an vance-return movement parallel to the drum, displaced by 45 mm, which makes a crossed winding on the at an angle of 2-3. The molded fibers with a speed of about 20 mm/min advance to the gas burners( 2). From the droplet form ed is stretched the fiber, which prior to rolling on the drum is slightly wetted with water by coming into contact with a roller covered with moist felt. When the fiber breaks, it is self-correcting on the drum( 3). The diameter and width of the drum is 1 m rpm 800. Winding takes 15-20 min, and during this time 300-400 g of fiber, diameter 10 u is wound, after which the movement of the frame is automatically cut off by the brake fixed to the box containing the fibers. a Transliteration of Russian-Publisher
The prepared sheets of glass-plastic have the following typical composition: 40% glass-fiber, 45% resin, 15% plaster of paris. The specific weight of glakrezit is 0.95-1.2 g/cm s. The bending strength of a 2 ram-sheet is 890 kg/cm z, tensile strength-200-500 kg/cm z, the impact strength-9.50 kg~ era/era z. The elasticity modulus E=5000-6000 kg/cm z. The production of rolling materials (matting). Glass-fiber matting is used as a reinforcing material for preparing soft, Ruberoid roof coverings. Figure 1 shows a scheme of the equipment for making rolling material. Tufts of glass fiber cut from the drums of the molding machines are stretched onto a table into a fine cloth which is fed into a batch of polyvinyl-acetate emulsion coming from a tank where the emulsion is diluted with water at 16-20" in the proportion 1:1.5 and blended. The prepared solution contains 40% dry material. On each m z of cloth is applied 110-120 g emulsion. The cloth impregnated with the solution advances to a tunnel-conveyer drier (35 m long, belt width 1.2 m) where it moves at a speed of 4 m/min, being dried with circulating hot dry air. The air is withdrawn from outside with fans and heated in stoves to 180". The heated air advances to the drier through a nozzle placed in line with the conveyer belt. The wet air at the reduced temperatures of about 120" returns to the stoves for reheating and again enters the drier. The matting coming from the drier is turned into rolls. The width of the prepared material is 1 m, its weight is 120 g/m z and of this about 80 g is glass fiber and about 40 g is bonding material. The breaking strength of the matting in a longitudinal direction with a width of 50 mm and thickness of 1 mm is 15 kg. The output of a single conveyer is 5000 m z of rolling material a day. "4-4' J H :v: Fig. 1. Fig. 1. 1]Tunnel conveyer drier; 2)stove; 3) fan, 4)latticed transporter; 5) vacuum drier; 6) glass fiber; 7) solution bath; 8) knives for cutting edges; 9) vacuum tank; 10) solution tank, 11) solvent tank; 12) rollers; la) prepared product. ~g o Fig. 2. Experimental equipment for working glass thread -~olushelk.*Processing of glass polushelk is done with the molding-centrifugal technique. The equipment consists of a molding machine and two centrifuges (Fig. 2). The polushelk is processed in the following way: 60 fibers(I) with a diameter of 4 * 0.2 mm with a distance between the axes of 15 mm are placed vertically in the box fixed to the special frame. The frame makes an advance-return movement parallel to the drum, displaced by 45 ram, which makes a crossed winding on the drum at an angle of 2-~. The molded fibers with a speed of about 20 ram/rain advance to the gas burners (2). From the droplet formed is stretched the fiber, which prior to rolling on the drum is slightly wetted with water by coming into contact with a roller covered with moist felt. When the fiber breaks, it is self-correcting on the drum (3). The diameter and width of the drum is 1 m, the rpm 800. Winding takes 15-20 rain, and during this time 300-400 g of fiber, diameter 10 g is wound, after which the movement of the frame is automatically cut off by the brake fixed to the box containing the fibers. *Transliteratlonof Russian-Publisher. 436
The wound fiber is cut from the drum with two disk knives( 4). The knives are fixed longwise to the drum so that, moving from left to right the first removes the ribbon from the edge of the drum to the middle and the second from the middle to the other edge. The ribbon is directed into two centrifuges(5), which are switched on after the above process. The centrifu ges operate at 6000-7000 rpm, winding taking about 5 min; the winding drum on the molding machine makes 36 At the end of the winding, a unit inside the centrifuge sprays a solution of starch, dextrin or synthetic resin. them d, the cardboard bobbins with the fiber are removed from the cenitituges and blank bobbins are placed in them on which are removed the units with the cardboard bobbins. On one bobbin is wound 150 g of polushelk The thread consists of 50%o continuous fiber and 50%o staple fiber. The metric number of the fiber may be from 3 to 30. The optimal coefficient of coarse linen is 20. with such a process, further textile treatment does no require cloth, Textiles with adequate strength may be developed from the fibers p The polushelk may be used for making noncombustible decorative cloth, heat-insulating and electric-insula materials, acid-resistant filters and to replace coarse linen for the filler in the manufacture of strong and flex ible materials from glass-plastics. At present, this technology is being introduced into industry. Experimental equipment for processing textile fiber from moldings. The equipment(Fig 3)consists of the following main parts: a device for feeding the moldings, burners, winding drum, bobbins, a distributor, a carrier and Fifty moldings, 4 mm in diameter, are placed verti cally in the box of the fiber machine at a distance of 15 mm from each other Lubrication winding drum is placed much lower than the burners (at a distance of 3.2 m from axis to axis The diameter of the drum is 1 m, the rpm is 400. After correcting the fiber on the winding drum the carrier displaces the fiber to the side, and the forming fiber is transferred to the bobbin with the help of 长 evice. The bobbin diameter is 200 mm, length 200 mm A special distributor with a return-advance move ment in small stages and simultaneous advance movement Initial moment of starting on drum along the axis of the is used for winding the thread Transferred to bobbin onto the bobbin. Together with the carrier is a pan on which is fed the casein lubricator: 400 g of casein, 400 Fig. 3. 1)Distributor, 2)winding drum, 3)bobbin, cm of ammonia, 50 cm of 40% formaldehyde. At the 4)spout with felt, 5)straight edge, 6)moldings moment of transfer of fiber from drum to bobbin,the (fibers), 7)pan, 8)carrier. linear velocity of the drum and bobbin are about the same The diameter of the fiber is 9 u. The output of the equipment for 8 hours is 3 kg The thread obtained from the primary process is after ward processed into 2-and 4-complex fibers used mainly for electric-insulating purposes. num-rhodium glass melting container with 101 dies, 1. 6 mm in diameter, filled with glass balls, h as a winding Processing textile fiber by mechanical drawing from a die. Experimental equipment with a two-course plati apparatus in which the bobbins are moved in a horizontal direction with the aid of a screw spindle. At the end of the winding cycle, the thread is taken on the thread carrier with the filled bobbin to a blank for further winding. The filled bobbin is removed from the spindle by the removing device, after which the spindle is returned, catching the new bobbin coming from the container and the process is repeated
The wound fiber is cut from the drum with two disk knives (4). The knives are fixed longwise to the drum so that, moving from left to right the first removes the ribbon from the edge of the drum to the middle and the second from the middle to the other edge. The ribbon is directed into two centrifuges (5), which are switched on after the above process. The centrifuges operate at 6000-7000 rpm, winding taking about 5 min; the winding drum on the molding machine makes a6 rpm. At the end of the winding, a unit inside the centrifuge sprays a solution of starch, dextrin or synthetic resin. Afterward, the cardboard bobbins with the fiber are removed from the centrifuges and blank bobbins are placed in them on which are removed the units with the cardboard bobbins. On one bobbin is wound 150 g of polushelk. The thread consists of 50% continuous fiber and 50~o staple fiber. The metric number of the fiber may be from 3 to 30. The optimal coefficient of coarse linen is 20. With such a process, further textile treatment does not require cloth. Textiles with adequate strength may be developed from the fibers. The polushelk may be used for making noncombustible decorative cloth, heat-insulating and electric-insulating materials, acid-resistant filters and to replace coarse linen for the filler in the manufacture of strong and flexible materials from glass-plastics. At present, this technology is being introduced into industry. _Experimental equipment for processing textile fiber from moldings. The equipment (Fig. 3) consists of the following main parts: a device for feeding the moldings, burners, winding drum, bobbins, a distributor, a carrier and a pan. 8 i! Lubrication ] ' ] --- V gl',l, i ~lll ~ , li , ' 3~llflljll II I [tlllllJ Ii-I '--2 Fifty moldings, 4 mm in diameter, are placed vertically in the box of the fiber machine at a distance of 15 mm from each other. In contrast to the ordinary molding machine the winding drum is placed much lower than the burners(at a distance of 3.2 m from axis to axis). The diameter of the drum is 1 m, the rpm is 400. After correcting the fiber on the winding drum the carrier displaces the fiber to the side, and the forming fiber is transferred to the bobbin with the help of aspecial device. The bobbin diameter is 200 ram, length 200 ram, rpm 3600. A special distributor with a return-advance movement in small stages and simultaneous advance movement along the axis of the bobbin is used for winding the thread onto the bobbin. Together with the carrier is a pan on which is fed the casein lubricator: 400 g of casein, 400 cm 3 of ammonia, 50 cm 3 of 40~ formaldehyde. At the moment of transfer of fiber from drum to bobbin, the Initial moment of starting on drum . Transferred to bobbin Fig. 3. I) Distributor, 2) winding drum, 3) bobbin, 4) spout with felt, 5) straight edge, 6) moldings (fibers), 7) pan, 8) carrier. linear velocity of the drum and bobbin are about the same. The diameter of the fiber is 9 #. The output of the equipment for 8 hours is 3 kg. The thread obtained from the primary process is afterward processed into 2-and 4-complex fibers used mainly for electric-insulating purposes. Processing textile fiber by mechanical drawin 8 from a die. Experimental equipment witha two-course platinum-rhodinm glass melting container with 101 dies, 1.6 mm in diameter, filled with glass bails, has a winding apparatus in which the bobbins are moved in a horizontal direction with the aid of a screw spindle. At the end of the winding cycle, the thread is taken on the thread carrier with the filled bobbin to a blank for further winding. The filled bobbin is removed from the spindle by the removing device, after which the spindle is returned, catching the new bobbin coming from the container and the process is repeated. 437
The size of the winding equil is 1.9x 1x 1.4 m. The textile fiber is processed in the main by drawing it through a die of a platinum-rhodium glass-melting container filled with glass balls. The moldings are prepared from nonalkaline glass containing 10%o B2O3. The length of the moldings is 100+1 mm. They automatically advance to the upper orifice of the glass-melting container with the aid of a special loader in the form of a toothed drum. The vessels have 100, 200 and 250 dies. On the way from the pan to the winding drum there is fixed a split channel with a draw-off tube which allows epoxide resin dissolved in carbon tetrachloride to be used as lubricant On the fiber is applied up to 1 o of lubricant. An automatic clamp for the glass fiber is supplied in the winding apparatus Three bobbin holders are fixed at an angle of 120 to a table which rotates periodically. when th rotates with the aid of a foot pedal the bobbin comes out of the friction engagement, and the new bobbin gets caught up with the frictional roller, constantly rotating from the electric motor. The diameter of the bobbin is 150 mm rpm 3000. The winding is crossed over the whole length of the bobbin, winding lasts for 10 minutes. Experimental equipment for processing superfine fiber. Superfine fiber is processed by blowing primary fiber drawn from moldings with incandescent gases. oldings are used made of glass having the following composition: 68 siO2, 0. 2 Fe,, 4.2 Mgo, 3. 2 o A12O3,6,1%CaO,14%Na2O,4.2%K2O Before use, the moldings are carefully calibrated. The length is 1 m; the diameter 4=0.1 mm. The main equipment scheme for processing superfine fiber is shown in Fig. 4. Thirty moldings at a distance of 15 mm from each er are placed horizontally in the aperture of special controlling metal plates. a pair of rubber rollers, 50 mm #i# diameter and 500 m long, move the moldings to the gas burners at a rate of 8. 3 mm/min. The rate is controlled by a variator allowing it to be changed from 8 to 16 mm/ /min. The moldings proceed at a height of 10 mm from Fig. 4. 1)Moldings, 2)feeding rollers, 3)burners, 4)pri The drawing of the primary fiber is done at a velocity mary fiber, 5)wetting roller, 6) drawing rollers, 7) of 2m/minute with a pair of drawing rollers. The speed is controlling copper tubes, 8)combustion chamber, 9) regulated by hand with a variator in the range from 1.7 to superfine fiber, 10)transfer latticed chamber. 4.7 m/min. The diameter of the primary fiber is 150 The primary fibers are manually directed towards copper tubes 3 mmin diameter along which they are fed to the combustion chamber for blowing, Near the exit aperture of the combustion chamber the distance between the tubes is reduced from 15 to 3 mm. The primary fiber coincides with the stream of hot gases at a distance of about 10-15 mm from the exit aperture. The superfine fiber advances to the change-over chamber 1x 1x 2m in size, stretched with a metallic lattice. The combustion chamber is 260 x 100 x 130 mm in size(the size of the outlet aperture is 100 x 3 mm). A special device allows the chamber to be moved in the vertical and horizontal directions. mixture The calorific value of the gas is 3800 cal; the pressure 50 mm Hg: the air pressure 130 mm Hg. For I mof gas 4 mof air is consumed. with the best cycle the gas requirement is 10.5 m/hour, air-45-50 m/o The temperature of the gas stream at a distance of 20-25 mm from the exit of the combustion chamber is 1680(measured when the gas consumption was 16 m/hour). The velocity of the gas stream under these condi- tions was 650 m/sec. 438
The size of the winding equipment is 1.9 x 1 x 1.4 m. The textile fiber is processed in the main by drawing it through a die of a platinum-rhodium glass-melting container filled with glass balls. The moldings are prepared from nonalkaline glass containing 10% 13203. The length of the moldings is 100 4- 1 ram. They automatically advance tothe upper orifice of the glass-melting container with the aid of a special loader in the form of a toothed drum. The vessels have 100, 200 and 250 dies. On the way from the pan to the winding drum there is fixed a split channel with a draw-off tube which allows epoxide resin dissolved in carbon tetraehloride to be used as lubricant. On the fiber is applied up to 1%0 of lubricant. An automatic clamp for the glass fiber is supplied in the winding apparatus. Three bobbin holders are fixed at an angle of 120" to a table which rotates periodically. When the table rotates with the aid of a foot pedal the bobbin comes out of the friction engagement, and the new bobbin gets caught up with the frictional roller, constantly rotating from the electric motor. The diameter of the bobbin is 160 ram; rpm 3000. The winding is crossed over the whole length of the bobbin. Winding lasts for 10 minutes. E_xperimental equipment for processing superfine fiber. Superfine fiber is processed by blowing primary fiber drawn from moldings with incandescent gases. Moldings are used made of glass having the following composition: 68~ SiO2, 0.2% Fe20 s, 4.2~ MgO, 3.2~ AltOs, 6.1% CaO, 14% Na20, 4.2~ KgO. Before use, the moldings are carefully calibrated. The length is 1 m; the diameter 4 4- 0.1 mm. The main equipment scheme for processing superfine fiber is shown in Fig. 4. Air ib Thirty moldings at a distance of 15 mm from each other are placed horizontally in the aperture of special controlling metal plates. A pair of rubber rollers,50 mm Fig. 4. 1) Moldings, 2) feeding rollers, 3) burners, 4) primary fiber, 5) wetting roller, 6) drawing rollers, 7) controlling copper tubes, 8) combustion chamber, 9) superfine fiber, 10) transfer latticed chamber. The primary fibers are manually directed towards copper tubes 3 mm in diameter along which they are fed to the combustion chamber for blowing. Neat the exit aperture of the combustion chamber the distance between the tubes is reduced from 15 to 3 ram. The primary fiber coincides with the stream of hot gases at a distance of about 10-15 mm from the exit aperture. The superfine fiber advances to the change-over chamber lx 1 x 2 m in size, stretched with a metallic lattice. The combustion chamber is 260 x 100 x 130 mm in size (the size of the outlet aperture is 100 x 3 ram). A special device allows the chamber to be moved in the vertical and horizontal directions. The combustion chamber is heated with town's gas, fed into the mixing chamber. From here the gas-air mixture goes to the combustion chamber. Under the mixing chamber are two fans with control points. The calorific value of the gas is 3800 ca1; the pressure 50 mm Hg; the air pressure 130 mm Hg. For 1 m 3 of gas 4 m s of air is consumed. With the best cycle the gas requirement is 10.5 mS/hour, air-45-50 mS/hour. The temperature of the gas stream at a distance of 20-25 mm from the exit of the combustion chamber is 1680" (measured when the gas consumption was 16 mS/hour ). The velocity of the gas stream under these conditions was 650 m/sec. diameter and 500 m long, move the moldings to the gas burners at a rate of 8.3 mm/min. The rate is controlled by a variator allowing it to be changed from 8 to 16 ram/ / min. The moldings proceed at a height of 10 mm from the gas burners. The drawing of the primary fiber is done at aveloeity of 2m/minute with a pair of drawing rollers. The speed is regulated by hand with a variator in the range from 1.7 to 4.7 m/rain. The diameter of the primary fiber is 150 p. 438
One operator may service 2-3 lots of equipment. The output of the experimental equipment is 400-450 g of From the superfine fiber, "felt "is generally prepared-a soft material with up to 10 o additions of water glass or other bonding agent. Articles made from superfine fiber may be used as filters for radioactive aerosols and also as air and chemical filters Experimental equipment for treating staple fiber by drawing it in a current of steam. The equipment for pro- cessing heat-insulating fiber consists of a glass furnace with a feeder in which is installed a platinum-rhodium die feeder in the form of a boat, blowing equipment, a fiber-forming chamber and a conveyer. The furnace area is 1.26 m2, the feeder area 0. 24 m2 In front of the equipment, the die vessel(boat)is fixed to the feeder in a metallic holder and this is faced with kaolin tiles and insulating lightweight refractories. Under the die feeder at a distance of 30 mm from the die is placed the blowing head, the design of which is identical to those used in Czechoslovakia. he die vessel has 42 cylindrical stamped dies placed in a single row. Their diameter is 1. 4 mm, height 2 mm. The weight of the vessel is 1.7 kg. In addition, a double-course die container with 56 dies, 2. 7 mm in diameter, 5 mm high with a spacial distance of 6 mm in stages of 6 mm is being tested. The container has a height of 60 mm and external dimensions of 250 x 300 mm. In the upper part is fixed the filtering frame with 702 1.4 mm mache beside heat-insulating fiber, diameter 14-15, it is proposed to work fiber with a diameter of 10 on this hery for making heat-and sound-insulating material for aircraft. The approximate output of fiber from a 42-die container is 5 kg/hour and from a 56-die container-24 kg/ho The plan of the equipment for processing textile fiber is shown in Fig. 5. The equipment consists of an electric furnace with a platinum-rhodium glass-melting container, blowing equipment, a fiber-forming chamber, a pumping chamber Pregraded and precalibrated moldings are automati cally loaded at the top into the glass-melting container The blowing head is placed 20 mm from the die plate. Under the fiber-forming chamber(height 1.4 m)are placed 6 valves with which it is proposed to regulate the distri bution of fiber over the width of the conveyer belt. processing of textile fiber, it is intended test a double-course glass-melting vessel with 80 dies. The die diameter is 1.7 mm, staged at 5 mm; the distance be- tween the courses is 5 mm. with such dies it is possible to obtain a fiber with a diameter of 5-7 u which will be pro- cessed into staple thread with the aid of a centrifuge with Fig. 5. 1)Charging the mold 6000-8000rpm, ings, 2) platinum-rhodium blow chamber, 6)pumping chamber, 7) conveyer
One operator may service 2-3 lots of equipment. The output of the experimental equipment is 400-450 g of superfine fiber with a diameter of 3p per hour. From the superfine fiber, "felt" is generally prepared--a soft material with up to 10% additions of water glass or other bonding agent. Articles made from superfine fiber may be used as filters for radioactive aerosols and also as air and chemical filters. Experimental equipment for treating staple fiber by drawing it in a current of steam. The equipment for processing heat-insulating fiber consists of a glass furnace with a feeder in which is installed a platinum-thodinm die feeder in the form of a boat, blowing equipment, a fiber-forming chamber and a conveyer. The furnace area is 1.26 m 2, the feeder area 0.24 m 2. In front of the equipment, the die vessel (boat) is fixed to the feeder in a metallic holder and this is faced with kaolin tiles and insulating lightweight refractories. Under the die feeder at a distance of 30 mm from the die is placed the blowing head, the design of which is identical to those used in Czechoslovakia. The die vessel has 42 cylindrical stamped dies placed in a single row. Their diameter is 1.4 mm, height 2 mm. The weight of the vessel is 1.7 kg. In addition, a double-course die container with 56 dies, 2.7 mm in diameter, 5 mm high with a spacial distance of 6 mm in stages of 6 mm is being tested. The container has aheight of 60 mm and external dimensions of 250 x 300 mm. In the upper part is fixed the filtering frame with 702 1.4 mm apertures. Beside heat-insulating fiber, diameter 14-15p, it is proposed to work fiber with a diameter of 10p on this machinery for making heat-and sound-insulating material for aircraft. The approximate output of fiber from a 42-die container is 5 kg/hour and from a 56-die container--24 kg/hour. The plan of the equipment for processing textile fiber is shown in Fig. 5. I 2 3 4 5 -./. Fig. 5. 1) Charging the moldings, 2) platinum-rhodium vessel, 3) steam pipe, 4) blowing head, 5) fiber-forming chamber, 6) pumping chamber, 7) conveyer. The equipment consists of an electric furnace with a platinum-rhodium glass-melting container, blowing equipment, a fiber-forming chamber, a pumping chamber and a conveyer. Pregraded and precalibrated moldings are automatieally loaded at the top into the glass-melting container. The blowing head is placed 20 mm from the die plate. Under the fiber-forming chamber (height 1.4 m) are placed 6 valves with which it is proposed to regulate the distribution of fiber over the width of the conveyer belt. For the processing of textile fiber, it is intended to test a double-course glass-melting vessel with 80 dies. The die diameter is 1.7 ram, staged at 5 ram; the distance between the courses is 5 mm. With such dies it is possible to obtain a fiber with a diameter of 5-7 g which will be processed into staple thread with the aid of a centrifuge with 6000-8000 rpm. 439
