Advanced business english
Advanced Business English 1
Chapter 1 Why China Works?
Chapter 1 Why China Works？ 2
Words and Expressions 1. exotic eg. there are some exotic words in english language 2. intrigue eg Perhaps the most intriguing evolution in Chinas hybrid markets is in the way leaders are tracking public opinion. Savvy management of public opinion may prove crucial as economic conditions head south
Words and Expressions 1. exotic • eg. There are some exotic words in English language. 2. intrigue • eg. • Perhaps the most intriguing evolution in China's hybrid markets is in the way leaders are tracking public opinion. Savvy management of public opinion may prove crucial as economic conditions head south. 3
3. navigate eg (1) navigate a ship to the nearest port (2)navigate a bill through Parliament 4. arsenal eg In a time of crisis, China's officials can pick from traditional market tools like their western counterparts and from the arsenal of china s market economIc system
3. navigate • eg. • （1） navigate a ship to the nearest port • （2）navigate a bill through Parliament 4. arsenal • eg. • In a time of crisis, China's officials can pick from traditional market tools, like their Western counterparts, and from the arsenal of China’s market economic system. 4
5. incentive eg. (1) Many companies in Britain are keen on the idea of tax incentives for r&D (2) Early last year, as the housing market was overheating they simply ordered bankers to cut back on housing loans: then as home sales began to fall, they offered market incentives, like lower taxes on home purchases 6. intervention eg.()armed intervention (2)But they' ve also issued orders that would be seen as improper intervention "in the West-for example, calling last week on state industries including steel and construction to actively increase"their roles in the economy by buying up new assets at home and abroad
5. incentive • eg. （1）Many companies in Britain are keen on the idea of tax incentives for R&D. • （2）Early last year, as the housing market was overheating, they simply ordered bankers to cut back on housing loans: then as home sales began to fall, they offered market incentives, like lower taxes on home purchases. 6. intervention • eg.（1）armed intervention • （2）But they've also issued orders that would be seen as improper "intervention" in the West—for example, calling last week on state industries, including steel and construction, to "actively increase" their roles in the economy by buying up new assets at home and abroad. 5
7 bulwark eg.(1)Democracy is a bulwark of freedom (2)Once seen as the bad habit of an immature economy, China's state meddling is now seen as a bulwark of stability 8. unleash °eg.(1) unleash a war (2) Unleash all the advantages (3)The state still exerts a strong and stabilizing hand but it has unleashed a private sector that now contro at least half the economy and as much as 70 percent if you include state-owned companies that are in fact allowed to operate as private firms
7. bulwark • eg. （1） Democracy is a bulwark of freedom. • （2）Once seen as the bad habit of an immature economy, China's state meddling is now seen as a bulwark of stability. 8.unleash • eg. （1） unleash a war • （2）Unleash all the advantages • （3）The state still exerts a strong and stabilizing hand, but it has unleashed a private sector that now controls at least half the economy, and as much as 70 percent if you include state-owned companies that are in fact allowed to operate as private firms. 6
9. dismantle Eg. In 1995, China began a revolutionary dismantling of state-run industry, laying off 46 million state workers the equivalent of the entire workforce of france and Italy-over the next six years alone 10. streamline eg. (1) We must streamline our methods (2)In the years following the streamlining has continued, sharply raising profitability at state-run firms(it was up 38 percent between 2004 and 2005, for example) and the private sector was allowed to play an increasingly important role in the economy
9. dismantle • Eg. In 1995, China began a revolutionary dismantling of state-run industry, laying off 46 million state workers— the equivalent of the entire workforce of France and Italy—over the next six years alone. 10. streamline • eg. （1） We must streamline our methods. • （2）In the years following, the streamlining has continued, sharply raising profitability at state-run firms (it was up 38 percent between 2004 and 2005, for example), and the private sector was allowed to play an increasingly important role in the economy. 7
11. security eg. To that end, China is boldly moving beyond stocks into new types of complex securities including stock index funds, corporate bonds and other debt products 12. ucrative eg. But the more lucrative services market is still run by authorities who set prices on mobile-phone calls
11. security • eg. To that end, China is boldly moving beyond stocks into new types of complex securities, including stock index funds, corporate bonds and other debt products. 12. lucrative • eg. But the more lucrative services market is still run by authorities, who set prices on mobile-phone calls. 8
13. deregulate eg.(1) Free-market reforms have moved governments everywhere to downsize, deregulate, and privatize (2) The slow easing was designed to avoid the 1,000 percent burst of inflation that hit russia from 1991 to 1992 after Moscow deregulated prices 14. tenure eg. He's a tenured professor at an lvy league university 15. scrap eg.(1)It had been thought that passport controls would be scrapped (2) That's one reason authorities have tried since august to revive the stock market by scrapping the stamp tax on share purchases but in vain
13. deregulate • eg. （1）Free-market reforms have moved governments everywhere to downsize, deregulate, and privatize. • （2） The slow easing was designed to avoid the 1,000 percent burst of inflation that hit Russia from 1991 to 1992 after Moscow deregulated prices. 14. tenure eg. He's a tenured professor at an Ivy League university. 15. scrap • eg.（1）It had been thought that passport controls would be scrapped. • （2）That's one reason authorities have tried since August to revive the stock market by scrapping the stamp tax on share purchases but in vain. 9
16. icense eg. Beijing has also chosen this moment to issue new 3G mobile licenses, which will further funnel money through the state telecoms sector. 17. funnel eg. Funnel money from donors to governments 18. savvy eg. But this time, they are adopting more politically-savvy strategies
16. license • eg. Beijing has also chosen this moment to issue new 3G mobile licenses, which will further funnel money through the state telecoms sector. 17. funnel • eg. Funnel money from donors to governments. 18. savvy • eg. But this time, they are adopting more politically-savvy strategies. 10