Unit 4 Fresh Start In-Class Reading Fresh Start AAAAAAAAAA Words&Usage词汇精讲 1.accidentally (Line3,Para5) ad.by chance偶然地，意外地 I)He discovered the missingpapersaccidentally II)I accidentally locked myselfout ofthe house. 同近义词 adv.意外地；偶然地unexpectedly 同根词 词根：accident adj. accidental意外的；偶然的；附属的；临时记号的 n. accident事故；意外；[法]意外事件；机遇 accidental次要方面；非主要的特性；临时记号 2.await (Line 3,Para 2) vt.wait for等待 I)He is anxiously awaiting his test results. II)A lot ofhard workawaits youat the university. 同近义词 vt等候，等待；期待 wait for,hope for 3.barefoot(Line5,Para 10) ad.&ad.without shoes or socks on赤脚的（地） I)The children were barefoot. II)Alan came running barefoot through the house. 同近义词 adj.赤脚的 discalced,unshod 同根词 词根：barefoot adj. barefooted光着脚的（等于barefoot) adv. barefooted光着脚地
Unit 4 Fresh Start In-Class Reading Fresh Start Words & Usage 词汇精讲 1. accidentally (Line3, Para5) adv. by chance 偶然地，意 外地 I) He discovered the missing papers accidentally. II) I accidentally locked myself out of the house. 同近义词 adv.意外地；偶然地 unexpectedly 同根词 词根：accident adj. accidental 意外的；偶然的；附属的；临时记号的 n. accident 事故；意外；[法] 意外事件；机遇 accidental 次要方面；非主要的特性；临时记号 2. await(Line 3, Para 2) vt. wait for 等待 I) He is anxiously awaiting his test results. II) A lot of hard work awaits you at the university. 同近义词 vt.等候，等待；期待 wait for, hope for 3. barefoot(Line 5, Para 10) adj. & adv. without shoes or socks on 赤脚的（地） I) The children were barefoot. II) Alan came running barefoot through the house. 同近义词 adj.赤脚的 discalced, unshod 同根词 词根：barefoot adj. barefooted 光着脚的（等于 barefoot） adv. barefooted 光着脚地
4.campus(Line2,Para1) n.grounds and buildings ofa university or college I)The campus covers an area ofabout 25 square miles. II)We haverooms for 2,000 students on campus. 词组短语 on campus adv.在校内 campus culture校园文化 on the campus校园内 campus life校园生活 off campus在校外；不住校 同近义词 n.（大学)校园；大学，大学生活；校园内的草地 schoolyard,college life 5.clap (Line 4,Para 6) v.strike the palms ofone's hands together拍（手），击（掌） I)They clapped as the president entered the room II)At the end of the speech everyone clapped. 词组短语 clap hands拍手 同根词 词根：clap n. clapping鼓掌；掌声 clapper拍手者；铃舌；响板；唠唠叨叨的嘴巴 clapping鼓掌；轻敲(clap的ing形式) 6.clasp (Line 8,Para 8) n.the act ofholding firmly紧握；紧抱 I)She held the child in a loving clasp II)I could feel the firm clasp ofhis hand on my shoulder. vt.hold sb.or sth.tightly紧握，紧抱 I)He clasped her hand anxiously II)She leaned back in her chair and claspedher hands behind her head. 同近义词 n.扣子，钩子；握手 handshake.shake-hands t紧抱；扣紧；紧紧缠绕 press,button vi.扣住 buckle,button up
4. campus(Line2,Para1) n. grounds and buildings of a university or college 校园 I) The campus covers an area of about 25 square miles. II) We have rooms for 2,000 students on campus. 词组短语 on campus adv. 在校内 campus culture 校园文化 on the campus 校园内 campus life 校园生活 off campus 在校外；不住校 同近义词 n.（大学）校园；大学，大学生活；校园内的草地 schoolyard, college life 5. clap (Line 4, Para 6) v. strike the palms of one’s handstogether 拍（手），击（掌） I) They clapped as the president entered the room. II) At the end of the speech everyone clapped. 词组短语 clap hands 拍手 同根词 词根：clap n. clapping 鼓掌；掌声 clapper 拍手者；铃舌；响板；唠唠叨叨的嘴巴 v. clapping 鼓掌；轻敲（clap 的 ing 形式） 6. clasp (Line 8, Para 8) n. the act of holding firmly 紧握；紧抱 I) She held the child in a loving clasp. II) I could feel the firm clasp of his hand on my shoulder. vt. hold sb. or sth. tightly 紧握，紧抱 I) He clasped her hand anxiously. II) She leaned back in her chair and clasped her hands behind her head. 同近义词 n.扣子，钩子；握手 handshake, shake-hands vt.紧抱；扣紧；紧紧缠绕 press, button vi.扣住 buckle, button up
7.dine (Line 1,Para 7) vi.have dinner就餐 I)He dined alone that night II)It's Jan's birthday today,so we're dining out tonight at a special little restaurant 词组短语 dine in在家吃饭 dine out外出进餐 dine together会餐 wine and dine吃喝：；以好酒好菜款待 同近义词 vi进餐，用餐 have a dinner,have meals vt.宴请 banquet,feast 同根词 词根：dine n. dining吃饭，进餐 diner用餐者：路边小饭店；餐车式简便餐厅 V. dining吃饭(dine的现在分词) 8.expectation(Line 1,Para 10) n.the hopeor belief that sth.will happen期望，期待 I)He has expectations that he will make a lot ofmoney II)There's no expectation ofsnow tonight. 词组短语 in expectation期望着；意料之中 live up to expectations按照期望做到，不负众望 beyond expectation出乎意料 have expectations of(对…)抱有期望 同近义词 n.期待；预期；指望 prospects,looking forward to 同根词 词根：expect adj. expectant期待的：怀孕的；预期中的 adv. expectantly期望地，期待地 n
7. dine (Line 1, Para 7) vi. have dinner 就餐 I) He dined alone that night. II) It’s Jan’s birthday today, so we’re dining out tonight at a special little restaurant. 词组短语 dine in 在家吃饭 dine out 外出进餐 dine together 会餐 wine and dine 吃喝；以好酒好菜款待 同近义词 vi.进餐，用餐 have a dinner, have meals vt.宴请 banquet, feast 同根词 词根：dine n. dining 吃饭，进餐 diner 用餐者；路边小饭店；餐车式简便餐厅 v. dining 吃饭（dine 的现在分词） 8. expectation (Line 1, Para 10) n. the hope or belief that sth. will happen 期望，期待 I) He has expectations that he will make a lot of money. II) There’s no expectation of snow tonight. 词组短语 in expectation 期望着；意料之中 live up to expectations 按照期望做到，不负众望 beyond expectation 出乎意料 have expectations of (对……)抱有期望 同近义词 n.期待；预期；指望 prospects, looking forward to 同根词 词根：expect adj. expectant 期待的；怀孕的；预期中的 adv. expectantly 期望地，期待地 n
expectancy期望，期待 Vi. expect期待；预期 vt. expect期望；指望；认为；预料 9.freshman (Line8,Para 1) n.(plural freshmen)a student in the first year of high school,college or university(高中或大学的)一年级学生，新生 He's a freshman at Harvard(哈佛大学) 同根词 词根：fresher n. fresher新鲜人：大学一年级新生 freshener清凉剂；化妆水；新手 10.grin (Line 8,Para 8) vi.(grinned,grinning)smile broadly咧嘴笑 I)He grinned when we asked him if he liked this job ID)She kept grinningat me as if we were old friends n.a broadsmile咧嘴笑 I)He gave a broad grin when he saw her II)The pilot was unhurt and climbed out with a cheerful grin. 词组短语 grin and bear it逆来顺受 同根词 词根：grin n. grinning露底，露齿笑 grinner露齿而笑的人 11.grope (Line 4,Para 3) vi.try to find sth.by feeling with your hands(用手)摸索 I)He groped in his pocket for his ticket. II)Tom groped around in the dark until he found the light switch 词组短语 grope for v.探索 同近义词 vi摸索；探索 explore,feel about vt.摸索 feel about,fish for
expectancy 期望，期待 vi. expect 期待；预期 vt. expect 期望；指望；认为；预料 9. freshman (Line 8, Para 1) n. (plural freshmen) a student in the first year of high school, college or university（高中或大学的）一年级学生，新生 He’s a freshman at Harvard (哈佛大学). 同根词 词根：fresher n. fresher 新鲜人；大学一年级新生 freshener 清凉剂；化妆水；新手 10. grin (Line 8, Para 8) vi. (grinned, grinning) smile broadly 咧嘴笑 I) He grinned when we asked him if he liked this job. II) She kept grinning at me as if we were old friends. n. a broad smile 咧嘴笑 I) He gave a broad grin when he saw her. II) The pilot was unhurt and climbed out with a cheerful grin. 词组短语 grin and bear it 逆来顺受 同根词 词根：grin n. grinning 露底，露齿笑 grinner 露齿而笑的人 11. grope (Line 4, Para 3) vi. try to find sth. by feeling with your hands （用手）摸索 I) He groped in his pocket for his ticket. II) Tom groped around in the dark until he found the light switch. 词组短语 grope for v. 探索 同近义词 vi.摸索；探索 explore, feel about vt.摸索 feel about, fish for
n摸索；触摸 feel 同根词 词根：grope adj. groping探索的；暗中摸索的 adv. gropingly摸索着；暗中摸索地 V. groping摸索(grope的ing形式) 12.hesitation (Line 4,Para 2) n.a pause before sb.says or does sth.because they are nervous or not sure 豫 I)I had no hesitation in accepting the gift II)After a moment's hesitation he jumped into the water 词组短语 without hesitation adi.毫不犹豫的 同根词 词根：hesitate adj. hesitant迟疑的；踌躇的；犹豫不定的 hesitating犹豫的 V. hesitating犹豫(hesitate的ing形式) vi. hesitate踌躇，犹豫：不愿 vt. hesitate踌躇，犹豫：有疑虑，不愿意 13.junk (Line 2,Para 7) n.things that are considered useless or oflittle value无用的或无价值的东西 I)I must throw away all this junk II)My wife carries too much junk in her purse. 词组短语 junk food垃圾食物；无营养的速食；华而不实的东西 junk mail n.(美)垃圾邮件；邮寄宣传品 同近义词 n.垃圾，废物；[船]舢板 refuse,garbage,waste,rubbish,trash 同根词 词根：junk adj
n.摸索；触摸 feel 同根词 词根：grope adj. groping 探索的；暗中摸索的 adv. gropingly 摸索着；暗中摸索地 v. groping 摸索（grope 的 ing 形式） 12. hesitation (Line 4, Para 2) n. a pause before sb. says or does sth. because they are nervous or not sure 犹 豫 I) I had no hesitation in accepting the gift. II) After a moment’s hesitation he jumped into the water. 词组短语 without hesitation adj. 毫不犹豫的 同根词 词根：hesitate adj. hesitant 迟疑的；踌躇的；犹豫不定的 hesitating 犹豫的 v. hesitating 犹豫（hesitate 的 ing 形式） vi. hesitate 踌躇，犹豫；不愿 vt. hesitate 踌躇，犹豫；有疑虑，不愿意 13. junk (Line 2, Para 7) n. things that are considered useless or of little value 无用的或无价值的东西 I) I must throw away all this junk. II) My wife carries too much junk in her purse. 词组短语 junk food 垃圾食物；无营养的速食；华而不实的东西 junk mail n. （美）垃圾邮件；邮寄宣传品 同近义词 n.垃圾，废物；[船]舢板 refuse, garbage, waste, rubbish, trash 同根词 词根：junk adj
junky无价值的；质量低劣的 n. junky吸毒者；毒品贩子；废旧品商人 14.ketchup (Line 4,Para 5) n.番茄酱 He poured ketchup on his hamburger 15.opportunity (Line6,Para 11) n.a favorable moment or occasion for doing sth.机会，良机 I)It is an excellent opportunity for buying the business II)When he was given the opportunity of going to college,he seized it with both hands. 词组短语 seize the opportunity抓住机遇，抓住机会 take the opportunity利用机会，抓住机会 golden opportunity绝好的机会 unique opportunity唯一机会；极难得的机会 job opportunity工作机会，就业机会 at the earliest opportunity 一有机会；尽快 同近义词 n.时机，机会 occasion,chance 同根词 词根：opportune opportunist机会主义者；投机取巧者 opportunism机会主义；投机主义 16.pitifully (Line 3,Para 1) ad.in a state of deserving sympathy可怜地 I)The children were pitifully thin. II)The beggar looked at me pitifully and asked for money. 同近义词 adv.可怜地，令人怜悯地；可恨地 ruefully,piteously 同根词 词根：pity adj. pitiful可怜的，令人同情的 pitiable可怜的 adv. piteously可怜地；慈悲地 pitiably可怜地；卑劣地
junky 无价值的；质量低劣的 n. junky 吸毒者；毒品贩子；废旧品商人 14. ketchup (Line 4, Para 5) n. 番茄酱 He poured ketchup on his hamburger. 15. opportunity (Line 6, Para 11) n. a favorable moment or occasion for doing sth. 机会，良机 I) It is an excellent opportunity for buying the business. II) When he was given the opportunity of going to college, he seized it with both hands. 词组短语 seize the opportunity 抓住机遇，抓住机会 take the opportunity 利用机会，抓住机会 golden opportunity 绝好的机会 unique opportunity 唯一机会；极难得的机会 job opportunity 工作机会，就业机会 at the earliest opportunity 一有机会；尽快 同近义词 n.时机，机会 occasion, chance 同根词 词根：opportune opportunist 机会主义者；投机取巧者 opportunism 机会主义；投机主义 16. pitifully (Line 3, Para 1) adv. in a state of deserving sympathy 可怜地 I) The children were pitifully thin. II) The beggar looked at me pitifully and asked for money. 同近义词 adv.可怜地，令人怜悯地；可恨地 ruefully, piteously 同根词 词根：pity adj. pitiful 可怜的，令人同情的 pitiable 可怜的 adv. piteously 可怜地；慈悲地 pitiably 可怜地；卑劣地
pityingly同情地；怜惜地 n. pity怜悯，同情；遗憾 vt. pity对.表示怜悯；对..…感到同情 17.puddle(Line 4,Para 5) n.a small pool ofliquid,especially rainwater水坑，积水 I)Little children like to jump into puddles II)I stepped into a puddle and got water in my shoes 同根词 词根：puddle n. puddler搅拌器；搅炼工人；捣泥者 18.rear (Line 5,Para 5) ad.at the back of sth.后部的，背后的 )There's a sticker(粘贴标签)on the rear window. II)He got out and examined theright rear wheel. n.the back part后部，背面 I)He sat in the rear ofthe classroom II)The engine is in the rear of the car. vt.look after a child or animal until it is fully grown养育；饲养 I)She reared six children. ID)He spent a lot oftime rearing animals 词组短语 front and rear在前后 rear end n.臀部；后部 同近义词 Vt培养；树立；栽种 cultivate,foster,plant vi暴跳；高耸 rise adv.向后；在后面 aback adj.[军]后方的；后面的；背面的 latter,back n.后面；屁股；后方部队 back,behind,ass 同根词 词根：rear adj. rearward向后方的；在末尾的
pityingly 同情地；怜惜地 n. pity 怜悯，同情；遗憾 vt. pity 对……表示怜悯；对……感到同情 17. puddle (Line 4, Para 5) n. a small pool of liquid, especially rainwater 水坑，积水 I) Little children like to jump into puddles. II) I stepped into a puddle and got water in my shoes. 同根词 词根：puddle n. puddler 搅拌器；搅炼工人；捣泥者 18. rear (Line 5, Para 5) adj. at the back of sth. 后部的，背后的 I) There’s a sticker (粘贴标签) on the rear window. II) He got out and examined the right rear wheel. n. the back part 后部，背面 I) He sat in the rear of the classroom. II) The engine is in the rear of the car. vt. look after a child or animal until it is fully grown养育；饲养 I) She reared six children. II) He spent a lot of time rearing animals. 词组短语 front and rear 在前后 rear end n. 臀部；后部 同近义词 vt.培养；树立；栽种 cultivate, foster, plant vi.暴跳；高耸 rise adv.向后；在后面 aback adj.[军]后方的；后面的；背面的 latter, back n.后面；屁股；后方部队 back, behind, ass 同根词 词根：rear adj. rearward 向后方的；在末尾的
rearmost最后的 adv. rearward在后面；向后面 n. rearward背后；后部 19.safely (Line 5,Para 1) ad.in a way that is not likely to cause damage,injury,or harm平安地 I)He safely escaped the floodwater II)She got safely through the first part ofher exams. 同近义词 adv.安全地 securely,wholesomely 同根词 词根：safe adj. safe安全的；可靠的；平安的 n. safe保险箱；冷藏室；纱橱 safety安全；保险；安全设备；保险装置；安打 safekeeping安全保护，妥善保管 safeness安全；平安；保险 V. safekeeping保护(safekeep的ing形式) 20.slip (Line 9,Para 8) vi.(slipped,,slipping)move quickly,smoothly,or secretly溜走；悄悄地走 I)She slipped through the door without saying goodbye. II)Amy slipped downstairs and out ofthe house. 词组短语 let slip错过；无意中吐露；放走 slip away逃走；悄悄溜走 同近义词 ⅵ[地质]滑动；滑倒；犯错；失足；减退 slide t[地质]使滑动；滑过；摆脱；塞入；闪开 slide n滑，滑倒；片，纸片；错误；下跌；事故 error,accident,mistake,fault,sliding 同根词 词根：sip adj. slipping渐渐松弛的 slippy光滑的；敏捷的
rearmost 最后的 adv. rearward 在后面；向后面 n. rearward 背后；后部 19. safely (Line 5, Para 1) adv. in a way that is not likely to cause damage, injury, or harm 平安地 I) He safely escaped the floodwater. II) She got safely through the first part of her exams. 同近义词 adv.安全地 securely, wholesomely 同根词 词根：safe adj. safe 安全的；可靠的；平安的 n. safe 保险箱；冷藏室；纱橱 safety 安全；保险；安全设备；保险装置；安打 safekeeping 安全保护，妥善保管 safeness 安全；平安；保险 v. safekeeping 保护（safekeep 的 ing 形式） 20. slip (Line 9, Para 8) vi. (slipped, slipping) move quickly,smoothly, or secretly 溜走；悄悄地走 I) She slipped through the door without saying goodbye. II) Amy slipped downstairs and out of the house. 词组短语 let slip 错过；无意中吐露；放走 slip away 逃走；悄悄溜走 同近义词 vi.[地质]滑动；滑倒；犯错；失足；减退 slide vt.[地质]使滑动；滑过；摆脱；塞入；闪开 slide n.滑，滑倒；片，纸片；错误；下跌；事故 error, accident, mistake, fault, sliding 同根词 词根：slip adj. slipping 渐渐松弛的 slippy 光滑的；敏捷的
n slippage滑移；滑动；下降 slipping滑动 小 slipping滑动(slip的现在分词) 21.tiptoe (Line 2,Para 8) vi.walk quietly on one's toes踮着脚走 I)We tiptoed past the sleeping dog. II)She tiptoed up the stairs,so as not to wake up her sleeping parents. 词组短语 on tiptoe用脚尖地：急切地：悄悄地 同近义词 stand on tiptoe足尖站立 22.tray (Line 2,Para 5) n.(浅)盘，碟，托盘 I)She was carryinga tray ofdrinks. IID)He had his lunch on a tray in his bedroom. 知ifficult Sentences难句详解 1 "Welcome to Biology 101,"the professor began.(Line 1,Para 3) 译文：“欢迎你们来听生物101课，”教授开始上课。 In the United States,college courses are numbered.Usually courses numbered100 are for freshmen,.200 for sophomores(大二学生)，300for juniors,400 for seniors,500 for graduate level courses.So,Biology 101 is a beginning level biology course.Sometimes the last digit indicates the semester,i.e.101 is first semester,102 second semester,etc. 2 So now what?(Line 1,Para 4) 译文：怎么办？ The expression"Now what?"is used in spoken English when an attempt to do something has failed and one does not know what to do next. e.g.Kate tried each of the keys,but none of them fit."Now what?"she thought. 3 Forget it.(Line 3,Para 4) 译文：算了吧。 The expression“forget it”is used to: 1)tell sb.that sth.is not important or they do not need to worry about it
n. slippage 滑移；滑动；下降 slipping 滑动 v. slipping 滑动（slip 的现在分词） 21. tiptoe (Line 2, Para 8) vi. walk quietly on one’s toes 踮着 脚走 I) We tiptoed past the sleeping dog. II) She tiptoed up the stairs, so as not to wake up her sleeping parents. 词组短语 on tiptoe 用脚尖地；急切地；悄悄地 同近义词 stand on tiptoe 足尖站立 22. tray (Line 2, Para 5) n. （浅）盘，碟，托盘 I) She was carrying a tray of drinks. III) He had his lunch on a tray in his bedroom. Difficult Sentences 难句详解 1 “Welcome to Biology 101,” the professor began. (Line 1, Para 3) 译文:“欢迎你们来听生物 101 课，”教授开始上课。 In the United States, college courses are numbered. Usually courses numbered 100 are for freshmen, 200 for sophomores (大二 学生), 300 for juniors, 400 for seniors, 500 for graduate level courses. So, Biology 101 is a beginning level biology course. Sometimes the last digit indicates the semester, i.e. 101 is first semester, 102 second semester, etc. 2 So now what? (Line 1, Para 4) 译文: 怎么办？ The expression “Now what?” is used in spoken English when an attempt to do something has failed and one does not know what to do next. e.g. Kate tried each of the keys, but none of them fit. “Now what?” she thought. 3 Forget it.(Line 3, Para 4) 译文:算了吧。 The expression “forget it” is used to: 1) tell sb. that sth. is not important or they do not need to worry about it
e.g.-I'm sorry I broke yourteapot -Forget it. 2)tell sb.to stop asking or talking about sth.because it is impossible e.g.-I'd like to takea week's holiday -Forget it,we'retoo busy. In the text,the writer tells herselfnot to worry about sitting in the wrong class 4 My food tray tipped and I lost my balance.(Line 4,Para 5) 译文：手中的托盘倾斜了，我失去了平衡。 Here "tip"means "move into a sloping position,so that one end or side is higher than the other". e.g.His hat had tipped forward and the boy pushed it back 5 Perhaps three days was long enough for the campus population to have forgotten me.(Line 5,Para 7) 译文：也许三天时间已经足以让校园里的人把我忘在脑后了。 In this sentence"campus population"refers to all those who live on campus. 6 I looked up to find that another poor soul had met the same fate as I had.(Line 3,Para 8) 译文：抬头看见一个可怜的家伙遭遇了和我一样的命运。 The word“soul"here means a“person”, e.g.She was such a happy soul when she was a child 7 My heart went out to him as people began to cheer and clap as they had for me.(Line 5,Para 8) 译文：当人们开始像对待我那样鼓掌欢呼的时候，我对他满怀同情。 The expression "sb.'s heart goes out to sb.else"means "sb.feels a lot of sympathy toward sb.else". e.g.Our hearts go out to all of the people who have been affected by this terrible natural disaster. 该句中had后面省略了cheered and clapped。 句中第一个as相当于when,第二个as用于比较，意为“像…一样”。 8 He got up,hands held high above his head in a victory clasp, grinning from ear to ear.(Line 6,Para 8) 译文：他站起身，咧嘴大笑，双手紧握高举在头顶上，做出胜利的姿势。 句中hands held high above his head in a victory clasp为独立主格结构作 伴随状语；grinning from ear to ear为现在分词短语作伴随状语，意思是 grinning very widely。伴随状语的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随 着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的： 9 I expected him to slip out of the cafeteria as I had,but instead he
e.g.— I’m sorry I broke your teapot. — Forget it. 2) tell sb. to stop asking or talking about sth. because it is impossible e.g. — I’d like to take a week’s holiday. — Forget it, we’re too busy. In the text, the writer tells herself not to worry about sitting in the wrong class. 4 My food tray tipped and I lost my balance. (Line 4, Para 5) 译文:手中的托盘倾斜了，我失去了平衡。 Here “tip” means “move into a sloping position, so that one end or side is higher than the other”. e.g. His hat had tipped forward and the boy pushed it back. 5 Perhaps three days was long enough for the campus population to have forgotten me. (Line 5, Para 7) 译文:也许三天时间已经足以让校园里的人把我忘在脑后了。 In this sentence “campus population” refers to all those who live on campus. 6 I looked up to find that another poor soul had met the same fate as I had. (Line 3, Para 8) 译文:抬头看见一个可怜的家伙遭遇了和我一样的命运。 The word “soul” here means a “person”. e.g. She was such a happy soul when she was a child. 7 My heart went out to him as people began to cheer and clap as they had for me.(Line 5, Para 8) 译文:当人们开始像对待我那样鼓掌欢呼的时候，我对他满怀同情。 The expression “sb.’s heart goes out to sb. else” means “sb. feels a lot of sympathy toward sb. else”. e.g. Our hearts go out to all of the people who have been affected by this terrible natural disaster. 该句中 had 后面省略了 cheered and clapped。 句中第一个as 相当于when，第二个as 用于比 较，意为 “像……一样”。 8 He got up, hands held high above his head in a victory clasp, grinning from ear to ear. (Line 6, Para 8) 译文:他站起身，咧嘴大笑，双手紧握高举在头顶上，做出胜利的姿势。 句中 hands held high above his head in a victory clasp 为独立主格结构作 伴随状语；grinning from ear to ear 为现在分词短语作伴随状语，意思是 grinning very widely。伴随状语的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随 着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。 9 I expected him to slip out of the cafeteria as I had, but instead he