Learning Methods for SpecificPathogens Biological propertiesSpecial features in morphology, structure, metabolimgrowth.... Pathogenesis+ Virulent factors Pathogenic mechanisms+Clinical findings (optional)Immunological characteristics Laboratory diagnosis Treatment, control and preventiorSHIHEZI UNIVERSITY
Learning Methods for Specific Pathogens Biological properties Special features in morphology, structure, metabolism, growth. Pathogenesis Virulent factors Pathogenic mechanisms Clinical findings (optional) Immunological characteristics Laboratory diagnosis Treatment, control and prevention SHIHEZI UNIVERSITY
Section III BacteriologySpore-Forming Gram Positive Bacill:Bacillus & Clostridium SpeciesZhao-Hua Zhong, Ph.D., ProfDepartment of MicrobiologyHarbin Medical UniversitySHIHEZI UNIVERSITY
Section III Bacteriology Spore-Forming Gram Positive Bacilli: Bacillus & Clostridium Species Zhao-Hua Zhong, Ph.D., Prof. Department of Microbiology Harbin Medical University SHIHEZI UNIVERSITY
KEY TERMS Bacillus Obligate anaerobes+ Bacillus anthracis Polymicrobic (mixed) Clostridiuminfection? C. tetani Spore former+C. botulinum+ C perfrigens Lecithinase+C. difile(phospholipase, toxin AnthraxBotulinum toxinTetanus BotulismTetanospasminSHIHEZI UNIVERSITY
KEY TERMS Bacillus Bacillus anthracis Clostridium C. tetani C. botulinum C. perfringens C. difficile Anthrax Tetanus Botulism Tetanospasmin Obligate anaerobes Polymicrobic (mixed) infection Spore former Lecithinase (phospholipase, toxin) Botulinum toxin SHIHEZI UNIVERSITY
Gram-Positive Spore-Forming Bailli Bacillus speciesAerobes- Bacillus anthracis ---- anthrax Clostridium speciesAnaerobes Clostridium tetani --- tetanus Clostridium perfringens--- gas gangrene Clostridium botulinum --- botulismClostridium dificile --- seudomembranous colitisSHIHEZI UNIVERSITY
Gram-Positive Spore-Forming Bacilli Bacillus species Aerobes Bacillus anthracis - anthrax Clostridium species Anaerobes Clostridium tetani - tetanus Clostridium perfringens - gas gangrene Clostridium botulinum - botulism Clostridium difficile - pseudomembranous colitis SHIHEZI UNIVERSITY
Bacillus SpeciesThe genus bacillus includes large aerobic, grampositive rods occurring in chainsMost members of this genus are saprophyticorganisms prevalent in soil, water, and air and onvegetation, such as Bacillus cereus and Bacillussubtilis B. cereus can grow in foods and produce anenterotoxin or an emetic toxin and cause foodpoisoning B. anthracis+ causes anthrax the principal pathogenSHIHEZIUNIVERSITY
Bacillus Species The genus bacillus includes large aerobic, gram- positive rods occurring in chains Most members of this genus are saprophytic organisms prevalent in soil, water, and air and on vegetation, such as Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis B. cereus can grow in foods and produce an enterotoxin or an emetic toxin and cause food poisoning B. anthracis causes anthrax the principal pathogen SHIHEZI UNIVERSITY
Morphology & PhysiologyGram-positive, aerobic spore-formingbailliSpores formed in culture, soil, and deadanimal tissues but not in live animalsSpores remain viable in soil for decadesSHIHEZI UNIVERSITY
Morphology & Physiology Gram-positive, aerobic, spore-forming bacilli Spores formed in culture, soil, and dead animal tissues but not in live animals Spores remain viable in soil for decades SHIHEZI UNIVERSITY
MorphologyThe typical cells, measuring I× 3-4 μmhave square ends and are arranged in longchainsI Spores are located in the center ofthenonmotile bacili
Morphology The typical cells, measuring 1 × 3–4 m have square ends and are arranged in long chains Spores are located in the center of the nonmotile bacilli
Gram positive B. anthracis in the CSFSHIHEZI UNIVERSITY
Gram positive B. anthracis in the CSF SHIHEZI UNIVERSITY
Colony: “cut glass'SHIHEZI UNIVERSITY
Colony: “cut glass” SHIHEZI UNIVERSITY
Pathogenesis: Anthrax Major disease threat to herbivores (cattlesheep, horses, hogs, goatsHumans infected by direct contact withdiseased animal, hides, wool, brushes, orbone mealInhalation of infected dust (Wool sorter'sdisease)Basis for Koch's postulateSHIHEZI UNIVERSITY
Pathogenesis: Anthrax Major disease threat to herbivores (cattle, sheep, horses, hogs, goats) Humans infected by direct contact with diseased animal, hides, wool, brushes, or bone meal Inhalation of infected dust (Wool sorter's disease) Basis for Koch’s postulate SHIHEZI UNIVERSITY