1 Lung Cancer
2 ⚫ Be familiar with the strategy for the evaluation and management of lung cancer. ⚫ To know the etiology and causes of lung cancer. ⚫ To understand the clinical features of lung cancer. ⚫ Try to make a diagnosis → stage the disease. ⚫ Master the role of surgery in the treatment of lung cancer. you should be able to:
3 Clinical thinking What are the risk factors for lung cancer? What is the most likely mechanism for lung cancer ? How would you make and confirm the diagnosis? What is the best therapy for lung cancer? What should be your next step?( This is often the most difficult one because the answer may be diagnostic, staging, or therapeutic.)
4 What is Lung Cancer? ⚫ Cancer is a disease in which cells in the body grow out of control. ⚫ When cancer starts in the lungs, it is called lung cancer. ⚫ Lung cancer begins in the lungs and may spread to lymph nodes or other organs in the body, such as the brain,liver. ⚫ Cancer from other organs also may spread to the lungs. When cancer cells spread from one organ to another, they are called metastases
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6 Cigarette smoking ⚫ Cigarette smoking is the number one risk factor for lung cancer. ⚫ In the United States, cigarette smoking is linked to about 90% of lung cancers. ⚫ Tobacco smoke is a toxic mix of more than 7,000 chemicals. Many are poisons. ⚫ At least 70 are known to cause cancer in people or animals. ❑Quitting smoking at any age can lower the risk of lung cancer
7 Lung Cancer and Smoking Facts ⚫ Risks related to: ⚫ amount smoked (pack years- # cigs/day x # yrs) ⚫ age of smoking onset ⚫ product smoked (tar/nicotine content, filters) ⚫ depth of inhalation ⚫ Gender
8 How many types of lung cancer are there? ⚫ The two main forms of lung cancer are NSCLC and SCLC. ⚫ NSCLC stands for non small cell lung cancer, and SCLC stands for small cell lung cancer. ⚫ The names describe the characteristics of the cells inside the tumor when viewed under a microscope. ⚫ These types of lung cancer grow differently and are treated differently. ⚫ NSCLC is more common than SCLC
9 ❑What is NSCLC? ❑NSCLC occurs the most out of all forms of lung cancer. NSCLC occurs in eighty percent of all cases of lung cancer. ❑NSCLC also has three sub forms have names according to the form of the cells located inside the tumor. ❑Adenocarcinoma ❑squamous cell carcinoma ❑large cell carcinoma
10 ❑How is SCLC different from NSCLC? ❑SCLC is responsible for around twenty percent of people with lung cancer. ❑SCLC is a lung cancer with the highest aggression and spreading rate on record. ❑The tumors that come from SCLC are often caused by or related to cigarette smoking. Only about one percent of people with SCLC do not smoke. ❑SCLC spreads at an astonishing rate throughout the body, and is usually not discovered until it has progressed in an advanced fashion