Thyroid Diseases
Thyroid disease aspect Thyroid anatomy Physiology of thyroid Hyperthyroidism Thyroiditis Simple goiter Thyroid adenoma Thyroid carcinoma Primary hyperparathyroidism Topics
Thyroid disease aspect extremely common in population hypothyroidism 1% women hyperthyroidism 1% thyroid nodules 3%-4% at some time in human live span thyroid disorder
Gross Anatomy color reddish yellow weight 1.5 gm newborn child normal adult thyroid 15~30 gm two lateral lobes 4-5 cm long and 2-3 cm wide
• a bilobed structure that lies immediately next to the thyroid cartilage in a position anterior and lateral to the junction of the larynx and trachea. • isthmus, situated in a directly anterior position at or below the cricoid cartilage
• The RLNs(recurrent laryngeal nerve) originate from the Vagus Nerve. circle around the subclavian artery (right) and aortic arch (left) , ascend superiorly and medially toward the tracheoesophageal groove, enter the larynx deep to the inferior constrictor muscles and posterior to the c r i c o t h y r o i d j o i n t . • The right RLN enters the root of the neck from a more lateral direction. Its c ou r s e i s l e s s pr e d i c t a b l e
Physiology produce thyroid hormone develop, regulate metabolism necessary for: growth brain development metabolism & organ activity
Physiology thyroid hormones iodinated amino acids thyroxine (T4 ) 3,5,3’-triiodothyronine (T3 ) synthesized and stored in thyroid follicular cell integral part of thyroglobulin
Physiology thyroid hormones in the plasma circulates as free amino acids only in the free form plays role for metabolism regulation under anterior pituitary thyrotropin thyroid-stimulating h. (TSH) feedback
Hyperthyroidism ■ Describe the causes ■ Discuss the pros and cons of the three major treatment options ■ Know how to prepare a patient for operation ■ Describe appropriate surgical procedures ■ Know about early and late postoperative management