Skin Skull Meninges Brain Neuron Astrocyte Oligodendrocyte Ependyma
Any tumor that arises from the glial or supportive tissue, of the brain is called a “glioma
• A glioma is a type of brain tumor that grows from glial cells. • Glial cells support neurons with energy and nutrients and help maintain the blood-brain barrier. There are various types of glial cells, each with a different function • Glioma is an umbrella term used to describe the different types of glial tumors: • Astrocytoma, • Oligodendroglioma • Gioblastoma. • Gliomas vary in their aggressiveness, or malignancy. Some are slow-growing and are likely curable. • Others are fast-growing, invasive, difficult to treat, and are likely to recur
In this new era, 2016 World Health Organization classification has incorporated molecular information into diagnoses. phenotypic and genotypic parameters for CNS tumor classification • diagnostic • improved Patient management • accurate determinations of prognosis and treatment response
• Tumor with methylated MGMT (inactive gene) have been found to predict a longer length of survival, and responds better to chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of glioblastoma
• The IDH1 mutation was discovered in a small percentage of glioblastoma samples, but majority of low-grade gliomas and secondary high-grade gliomas. • This mutation was present in 12% of GBM. These markers are beginning to be used as a diagnostic test for predicting longer survival and for evaluating the efficacy of new targeted molecular drugs. • IDH1 mutations may serve as a predictive biomarker to guide aggressive surgical resection. Patients with IDH1- mutant glioma were found to have a better overall prognosis than those with wild-type IDH1 glioma
⚫ Brain tumors cannot be prevented. The cause of these tumors and other types of brain tumors is unknown ⚫ Scientists have identified abnormalities in the genes of different chromosomes which may play a role in the development of tumors. However, what causes those abnormalities is still uncertain. ⚫ Scientists are conducting environmental, occupational, familial and genetic research to identify common links among patients. Despite a great deal of research on environmental hazards, no direct causes have been found. ⚫ The majority of brain tumors are not hereditary
