揭阳职业技术学院：《跨文化交际》课程授课教案 Intercultural Communicatio（一，商务英语专业，任课教师：夏傲婷）.pdf_大学文库

InterculturalCommunication跨文化交际课程教案A culture is not like a simple painting in which everything is black or white. Instead, aculture is a richly detailed painting with many lines and different shades of color.How do cultural stereotypeform?As the definition suggests, stereotypes do not develop suddenly but are formedover a period of time. They are made up of bits and pieces of information that westore and use to make sense of what goes on around us. They are connected withsocial custom and rules. As we grow up, we absorb the statements of differencesamongculturesfromourparents,teachersandfriends,whichbecomeourownstereotypes. The mess medium, such as TV, magazines, newspaper, books andInternet, also plays an important role in spreading and consolidating the stereotype.For example, by reading Travels of Marco Polo, westerners got the idea that China isextremely prosperous that gold can be seen everywhere in 13th century. Onceestablished, stereotypes become relatively steady.The positive effects of cultural stereotypeIf the stereotypes are in coincidence with the truth, the benefits are apparent.They can be the first step toward learning more about another people or culture.Whentalking withaperson from another culture,we mayfeel anxious thatwehave littleidea of his likes and dislikes.At this moment, the stereotypes can help us knowanother individual orgroup that weare not familiar with easier and faster. As a result.their possible reactions and behaviors can be predicted before we communicate withthem. For example, never will we ask the privacy-age, salary or marriages—of awesterner we first meet, because we have stereotyped that they might feel offended bysuch questions.Thus thepossibleunpleasantness or even conflict canbe avoided.AsThiederman(1991: 16) said, the primary reason that people stereotype in workplace isto relieveanxiety,for it is human nature to feel anxious when situations areambiguous or behavior is unpredictable. He believes that by stereotyping or byconstructing categories which human beings can be placed, this anxiety is relieved,and we regain a sense of control and predictability. What's more, stereotypes can notonly release our anxiety, but also help us reach a successful communication. Whennegotiating with Germen, never will weplayjokestorelievethe atmospherefor itmay make them feel we are unserious. With the stereotypes, we can choose the mostefficient and effective ways to fulfill our target.The negative effects of cultural stereotypeHowever, like many things, cultural stereotype has two sides.And to myunderstanding,the negative effects overweigh the positive ones.Often stereotypes areproblematic because they are oversimplified and exaggerated, basing on half-truth ordistortions about a group of people. Many people have preconceived ideas andstereotypes about other cultures. Most of these stereotypes are probably erroneous,andbuiltwallsbetween cultures.Thecommon effectsareasfollows:First, they bring about widely false perception on the people we will communicatewith.Forinstance,inAmerica,thewhitecommonlythinkallAfrican-Americansareviolent.Reports constantly show whitepeopleareattacked bythem.As a result,thewhite become so scared that they keep a distance from them. Such kind of stereotypeactually prevents communication between these two groups, which adds to theo

Intercultural Communication 跨文化交际课程教案 9 A culture is not like a simple painting in which everything is black or white. Instead, a culture is a richly detailed painting with many lines and different shades of color. How do cultural stereotype form? As the definition suggests, stereotypes do not develop suddenly but are formed over a period of time. They are made up of bits and pieces of information that we store and use to make sense of what goes on around us. They are connected with social custom and rules. As we grow up, we absorb the statements of differences among cultures from our parents, teachers and friends, which become our own stereotypes. The mess medium, such as TV, magazines, newspaper, books and Internet, also plays an important role in spreading and consolidating the stereotype. For example, by reading Travels of Marco Polo, westerners got the idea that China is extremely prosperous that gold can be seen everywhere in 13th century. Once established, stereotypes become relatively steady. The positive effects of cultural stereotype If the stereotypes are in coincidence with the truth, the benefits are apparent. They can be the first step toward learning more about another people or culture. When talking with a person from another culture, we may feel anxious that we have little idea of his likes and dislikes. At this moment, the stereotypes can help us know another individual or group that we are not familiar with easier and faster. As a result, their possible reactions and behaviors can be predicted before we communicate with them. For example, never will we ask the privacy—age, salary or marriages—of a westerner we first meet, because we have stereotyped that they might feel offended by such questions. Thus the possible unpleasantness or even conflict can be avoided. As Thiederman(1991: 16) said, the primary reason that people stereotype in workplace is to relieve anxiety, for it is human nature to feel anxious when situations are ambiguous or behavior is unpredictable. He believes that by stereotyping or by constructing categories which human beings can be placed, this anxiety is relieved, and we regain a sense of control and predictability. What’s more, stereotypes can not only release our anxiety, but also help us reach a successful communication. When negotiating with Germen, never will we play jokes to relieve the atmosphere for it may make them feel we are unserious. With the stereotypes, we can choose the most efficient and effective ways to fulfill our target. The negative effects of cultural stereotype However, like many things, cultural stereotype has two sides. And to my understanding, the negative effects overweigh the positive ones. Often stereotypes are problematic because they are oversimplified and exaggerated, basing on half-truth or distortions about a group of people. Many people have preconceived ideas and stereotypes about other cultures. Most of these stereotypes are probably erroneous, and built walls between cultures. The common effects are as follows: First, they bring about widely false perception on the people we will communicate with. For instance, in America, the white commonly think all African-Americans are violent. Reports constantly show white people are attacked by them. As a result, the white become so scared that they keep a distance from them. Such kind of stereotype actually prevents communication between these two groups, which adds to the

Intercultural Communication 跨文化交际课程教案 10 problem. Second, Stereotypes often lead to self-fulfilling prophecies—people see in foreigners what they expect to see(Xiuzhen Ren, 2006:46), preventing some people of stereotyped groups from succeeding in activities or fields. An example of this would be the prevalent stereotype that women are not good at math and sciences, which in turn may cause women to internalize such beliefs and avoid studying or pursuing math or science related professions. Besides, as an extension of ethnocentrism, stereotypes are one of the obvious barriers to intercultural communication, contributing to racism as well as the confrontation between cultures. Aloud, an American social psychologist claimed that being influenced by parents and environment, children around 5 years old have already learned to distinguish between the white and the black with the negative stereotypes on the black. When reaching 7, most of them show discrimination to Asians and Indians. 思政元素：如何避免跨文化交际中的定性思维 (1) Being aware that we are stereotyping; (2) Assuming stereotypes are “best first guesses”, not “definite answers”; (3) “Using loose, interpretive categories rather than evaluative categories”; (4) Qualifying our perceptions and interpretations; (5) Being open to new information ready to redefine categories; (6) Getting to know the identities of individuals within the group; (7) Recognizing “meaningful and valid differences” between our group and theirs. Step3 Difference in Rank and Power Every society has hierarchy to some degree. Pre-reading questions 1)What is hierarchy? 2)How do western ciltures generally view hierarchy? 3)How do you understand the word “equality”? Homework P51 Unit4 Chapter 4 Teaching Objective 思政⽬标：如何增加文化认同感 1. To identify the definitions of Culture shock 2. To identify the concepts about HC &LC 3. To cultivate students to be able to recognize and analyze cultural factors