Dictation of Unit 9 e words: 1. Deliberately refused; 2. Laugh or talk loudly and unpleasant ly: 3. A wound in the skin caused by an insect; 4. Very strong, obsessive desire 5. Move, possibly climb quickly and often with some difficulties. 6. (liquid )poison; 7. Appearance, seeming likeness 8 Breathing quickly:9.救济者,布施者;10.斜眼瞟;1.剩余物 12.明智的;13.颤动,震动;14.本质;15牧师 o Phrases: 1.难解之迷a 2.结结巴巴地说出 3.绝望中 4.当弄清楚When hat 5.各种各样的 6.手指痒痒的 7.连滚带爬 8.向上转一转
Dictation of Unit 9 Words: 1. Deliberately refused; 2. Laugh or talk loudly and unpleasantly; 3. A wound in the skin caused by an insect; 4. Very strong , obsessive desire; 5. Move , possibly climb, quickly and often with some difficulties. 6. (liquid) poison; 7. Appearance, seeming likeness; 8. Breathing quickly; 9. 救济者, 布施者; 10. 斜眼瞟; 11. 剩余物; 12. 明智的; 13. 颤动, 震动; 14. 本质; 15牧师. Phrases: 1. 难解之迷 a _ _ _ _ _; 2. 结结巴巴地说出 _ _ 3. 绝望中 _ _ 4. 当弄清楚 when _ _ _ _ that 5. 各种各样的 _ _ _ 6. 手指痒痒的 _ _ _ _ 7. 连滚带爬 _ _ _ 8. 向上转一转 _ _
Detailed studies of nit 10 he need not " copy"nature like the sculptor Meaning: A sculptor is a person who uses wood, stone, metal and so on to make representations of people or things in some way; but a composer does not have to do this for his work need have no obvious or visible relationship to"nature ●L2. his work need have no immediate practical function ike the architect's drawing Meaning: An architect's drawing is the plan for a building which is used when the building is erected, usually soon after the drawing has been done. Hence it has direct, prompt actual results. A composer's works, however, do not have to show such"practical"results ●L5~8 He gives us, without relation to exterior "events", the quintessential part of himself-that part which embodies the fullest and deepest expression of himself as a man and of his experience as a fellow being embody:1) give concrete form to: give form to ideas/ feelings,etc.体现,使具体 化2) include; comprise包含,包括 e.g. His speech embodies his selflessness His act of bravery embodies his spirit of self-sacrifice The new edition of the encyclopedia embodies many improvements
Detailed studies of Unit 10 L2. he need not “copy” nature like the sculptor Meaning: A sculptor is a person who uses wood, stone, metal and so on to make representations of people or things in some way; but a composer does not have to do this, for his work need have no obvious or visible relationship to “nature”. L2. his work need have no immediate practical function like the architect’s drawing. Meaning: An architect’s drawing is the plan for a building which is used when the building is erected, usually soon after the drawing has been done. Hence it has direct, prompt actual results. A composer’s works, however, do not have to show such “practical” results. L5~L8 He gives us, without relation to exterior “events”, the quintessential part of himself—that part which embodies the fullest and deepest expression of himself as a man and of his experience as a fellow being. embody: 1) give concrete form to; give form to ideas/ feelings, etc. 体现, 使具体 化 2)include; comprise 包含, 包括 e.g. His speech embodies his selflessness. His act of bravery embodies his spirit of self-sacrifice. The new edition of the encyclopedia embodies many improvements
Detailed studies of nit 10 Meaning: He gives us not what is happening outside himself but the deepest, most essential expression of himself as a person and member of the human race 他给我们的与外界事件”无关,而是自己本质的部分一这个部分将他作为一个人,最 完全,最深刻地体现了出来,将他的个人经历具体化 ●L9 Always remember that when you listen to a composers creation you are listening to a man, to a particular individua, with his own special personality Meaning: Any creative piece of music is the embodiment of the composer's own thoughts and individuality 永远牢记:听作曲家的创作时,你在听一个人,一个特别的个入,有着自己特别个性的人 ●L10. F racomposer, to be of any value, must have his own personality. It may be of greater or lesser importance, but, in the case of significant music, it will always mirror that personality Me leaning: If a composer wants to be in any way a great artist, he must have his own individuality. This may be very important or not important at all; but as far as significant music is concerned, it will reflect that individuality L13 His character may be streaked with human frailties-like Lully's or Wagner's for example-but whaTever is fine in is music WHiTcome from whatever is fine in him as a ma?
Detailed studies of Unit 10 Meaning: He gives us not what is happening outside himself but the deepest, most essential expression of himself as a person and member of the human race. 他给我们的与外界“事件”无关, 而是自己本质的部分—这个部分将他作为一个人, 最 完全, 最深刻地体现了出来, 将他的个人经历具体化了. L9. Always remember that when you listen to a composer’s creation you are listening to a man, to a particular individual, with his own special personality. Meaning: Any creative piece of music is the embodiment of the composer’s own thoughts and individuality. 永远牢记: 听作曲家的创作时, 你在听一个人, 一个特别的个人, 有着自己特别个性的人. L10. For a composer, to be of any value, must have his own personality. It may be of greater or lesser importance, but, in the case of significant music, it will always mirror that personality. Meaning: If a composer wants to be in any way a great artist, he must have his own individuality. This may be very important or not important at all; but as far as significant music is concerned, it will reflect that individuality. L13. His character may be streaked with human frailties—like Lully’s or Wagner’s, for example—but whatever is fine in his music will come from whatever is fine in him as a man
Detailed studies of nit 10 streak:n.long.thin. usually irregular line or band线条,条纹,脉,印痕 e.g./Streaks of lean and fat in meat like a streak of lightning 瘦肉和肥肉相间的肉层;似一道闪电般 mark with streaks加线条或条纹于 eg. White marble streaked with brown有褐色条纹的白色大理石 be streaked with: be marked with, be stained with有痕迹,印记 frai| ty: weakness of character or behavior(人的)缺点,弱点性格)软弱 weakness, fault, defect, failing, flaw, shortcoming Lully, Wagner. (see Note 2 on Page 168) shrewd精明的 unscrupulous无良心的,无廉耻的 Insatiable贪婪的 meteoric辉煌一时的,昙花一现的 brazen厚脸皮 intrigue阴谋 integrity诚实正直, inveterate根深蒂固的,积习性的 Meaning: His personality may include many human weakness, as did Lully s and Wagner's, but excellence in his music will still stem(R E)from those aspects of his personality which are exceller 他的个性可能带有许多人性的弱点,如同卢力和瓦格纳那样,但是音乐中精彩的部分仍 然源自其个性中优秀的那一面 L17 the personality with which he was born and the inf luences of the time in which he lives restrictive relative clauses
Detailed studies of Unit 10 streak: n. long, thin, usually irregular line or band 线条, 条纹,脉,印痕 e.g. Streaks of lean and fat in meat like a streak of lightning 瘦肉和肥肉相间的肉层; 似一道闪电般 v. mark with streaks 加线条或条纹于 e.g. White marble streaked with brown有褐色条纹的白色大理石 be streaked with: be marked with, be stained with 有…痕迹, 印记 frailty: weakness of character or behavior(人的)缺点, 弱点,(性格)软弱 weakness, fault, defect, failing, flaw, shortcoming Lully, Wagner. (see Note 2 on Page 168) shrewd 精明的unscrupulous 无良心的, 无廉耻的insatiable 贪婪的 meteoric 辉煌一时的, 昙花一现的brazen 厚脸皮intrigue阴谋 integrity 诚实正直, inveterate根深蒂固的, 积习性的 Meaning: His personality may include many human weakness, as did Lully’s and Wagner’s, but excellence in his music will still stem(源自) from those aspects of his personality which are excellent. 他的个性可能带有许多人性的弱点, 如同卢力和瓦格纳那样, 但是音乐中精彩的部分仍 然源自其个性中优秀的那一面. L17. …the personality with which he was born and the influences of the time in which he lives. restrictive relative clauses:
Detailed studies of nit 10 In restrictive relative clauses when the relative pronoun which is used with a preposition, the preposition must be expressed and it usually precedes/which e.g. The table under which the boy crawled is made of stone This was the meeting during which i kept feeling excited That was the time at which he arrived Meaning:天生的个性和所处时代的影响 each period has its character Meaning: Each stage in the development of history has its particular qualities whatever personality a composer may have is expressed within the framework of his own period Meaning: The particular period that the composer lives in limits the expression of his individuality In other words, the composer is subject to the influence of the political thoughts, social and moral values, etc. of his time ●L20~L22 It is the interreaction of personality and period that results in the formation of a composer's style Meaning: A composer's style is formed from the interrelationship between his ersonality and his own period L22 two different epochs:two different periods with different characteristics
Detailed studies of Unit 10 In restrictive relative clauses when the relative pronoun which is used with a preposition, the preposition must be expressed and it usually precedes which. e.g. The table under which the boy crawled is made of stone. This was the meeting during which I kept feeling excited. That was the time at which he arrived. Meaning: 天生的个性和所处时代的影响. L19. …each period has its character Meaning: Each stage in the development of history has its particular qualities. …whatever personality a composer may have is expressed within the framework of his own period. Meaning: The particular period that the composer lives in limits the expression of his individuality. In other words, the composer is subject to the influence of the political thoughts, social and moral values, etc., of his time. L20~L22 It is the interreaction of personality and period that results in the formation of a composer’s style. Meaning: A composer’s style is formed from the interrelationship between his personality and his own period. L22 two different epochs: two different periods with different characteristics
Detailed studies of nit 10 epoch: a period in history marked by special events or characteristics 时代,纪元(有标志跨入新历史时期的重大事件的发生时期) e.g. The introduction of the computer will mark an epoch in guage education采用电脑将会为语言教学开创一个新的纪元 The use of the Internet is an epoch-making/epoch-marking event 9 e. era ●L28 as applied to as it is applied to: as it applies to/ concernino(关于,涉及到) apply for申请 e.g.I apply for a scholarship I apply to the government for financial help appy.to.应用,适用 e.g. The nurse applied a bandage to the wound This rule can not be applied to every case apply laser to an operation apply oneself./ one's mind/ one's energy to sth/ to doing sth.专心致力于 e.g. We must apply our energies to finding a solution ●L30. It is not so much the composer that the lisTener hears, as the interpreters conception of the composer
Detailed studies of Unit 10 epoch: a period in history marked by special events or characteristics. 时代, 纪元(有标志跨入新历史时期的重大事件的发生时期) e.g. The introduction of the computer will mark an epoch in language education. 采用电脑将会为语言教学开创一个新的纪元. The use of the Internet is an epoch-making/epoch-marking event. age, era L28. …as applied to… ==as it is applied to; as it applies to/ concerning(关于, 涉及到) apply for 申请 e.g. I apply for a scholarship. I apply to the government for financial help. apply…to… 应用, 适用 e.g. The nurse applied a bandage to the wound. This rule can not be applied to every case. apply laser to an operation. apply oneself/one’s mind/one’s energy to sth./ to doing sth. 专心致力于… e.g. We must apply our energies to finding a solution. L30. It is not so much the composer that the listener hears, as the interpreter’s conception of the composer
Detailed studies of nit 10 Meaning: What the listener hears is the result of the interpreters general understanding of the composer rather than the idea of the composer himself. That is to say, what the listener hears is not the composer himself, but rather the interpreter's understanding of the composer not so much a as B与其说是A,还不如说是B/更多的是A而不是B e.g. Man is limited not so much by the tools as by his vision 对句子前半A的否定,后半B的肯定 less a than B: not a but rather B: more b than a rather b than a ●L34 to the tender mercies of Meaning: to the probably unkind or rough treatment by 听任某人任意摆布seeP169Note8 at the mercy of: in the power of, without defense against完全受…支配 o e. The ship was at the mercy of the waves L36 The lay listener, therefore, can judge an interpretation fairly only if he is able to distinguish between the composer's thought, ideally speaking and the degree to which the interpreter is faithfully reproducing that thought
Detailed studies of Unit 10 Meaning: What the listener hears is the result of the interpreter’s general understanding of the composer rather than the idea of the composer himself. That is to say, what the listener hears is not the composer himself, but rather the interpreter’s understanding of the composer. not so much A as B 与其说是A, 还不如说是B/ 更多的是A而不是B e.g. Man is limited not so much by the tools as by his vision. 对句子前半A的否定, 后半B的肯定 less A than B; not A but rather B; more B than A; rather B than A L34. …to the tender mercies of… Meaning: to the probably unkind or rough treatment by 听任某人任意摆布 see P169 Note 8 at the mercy of : in the power of , without defense against完全受…支配 e.g. The ship was at the mercy of the waves. L36. The lay listener, therefore, can judge an interpretation fairly only if he is able to distinguish between the composer’s thought, ideally speaking, and the degree to which the interpreter is faithfully reproducing that thought
Detailed studies of nit 10 lay:non- professional: not expert外行的 distinguish between.and.: recognize differences between;区分,辨别 distinquish. from distinguish oneself: behave so as to bring credit to oneself使扬名显扬自己 E.g. He distinguished himself by his courage be distinguished for/by.以为特征:以.而出名 e.g. He is distinguished for his knowledge of economics Meaning: only if he can see the difference between what the composer has in mind and how well the interpreter plays his works L39 The role of the interpreter leaves no room for argument room: refers to the need of possibility for something to happen or be done. NL 会,余地 leave much/ no/little/room for e.g. The research paper leaves much room for improvement. seeP169 Meaning: There is no need to argue about the part that an interpreter plays ●L40. assimilate: absorb, understand thoroughl吸收(思想,知识等) practical application:实际操作 elucidation:(further)explanation
Detailed studies of Unit 10 lay: non-professional; not expert 外行的 distinguish between…and…: recognize differences between; 区分, 辨别 distinguish…from…; distinguish oneself: behave so as to bring credit to oneself使扬名,显扬自己. E.g. He distinguished himself by his courage. be distinguished for /by…以…为特征; 以…而出名 e.g. He is distinguished for his knowledge of economics. Meaning: …only if he can see the difference between what the composer has in mind and how well the interpreter plays his works. L39. The role of the interpreter leaves no room for argument. room: refers to the need of possibility for something to happen or be done. 机 会, 余地 leave much/ no/little/room for e.g. The research paper leaves much room for improvement. seeP169 Meaning: There is no need to argue about the part that an interpreter plays. L40. assimilate: absorb, understand thoroughly吸收(思想, 知识等) practical application: 实际操作 elucidation: (further)explanation
Detailed studies of nit 10 ●L42 Most first-rate interpretive artists today possess a technical equipment that is more than suf ficient for any demands made upon them echnical equipment: refers to the musical instruments an interpretive artist assesses Meaning Most contemporary first-class musicians have instruments Thich are very satisfactory for them to meet any challenge in a composition当今一流的演奏家拥有的技术设备足够满足他们的要求 ●L43 So that in most cases we can take technical proficiency for granted Meaning: For most interpretive artists, we do not have to doubt their skill in playing their musical instruments ●L46 It can not be, for it is too vague; it allows for too great a leeway in individual matters of taste and choice leeway: flexibility. the chance to act freely a degree of freedom of action a 地,灵活性 taste: the ability to make good judgment in matters such as music, art, style,etc,鉴赏力 Meaning: The musician notation can not be the exact transcription of a composer's thought both because it is ambiguous and because it provides freedom for personal taste and choice
Detailed studies of Unit 10 L42. Most first-rate interpretive artists today possess a technical equipment that is more than sufficient for any demands made upon them. Technical equipment : refers to the musical instruments an interpretive artist possesses. Meaning: Most contemporary first-class musicians have instruments which are very satisfactory for them to meet any challenge in a composition.当今一流的演奏家拥有的技术设备足够满足他们的要求. L43. So that in most cases we can take technical proficiency for granted. Meaning: For most interpretive artists, we do not have to doubt their skill in playing their musical instruments. L46. It can not be, for it is too vague; it allows for too great a leeway in individual matters of taste and choice. leeway: flexibility. The chance to act freely, a degree of freedom of action. 余 地, 灵活性 taste: the ability to make good judgment in matters such as music, art, style, etc, 鉴赏力 Meaning: The musician notation can not be the exact transcription of a composer’s thought both because it is ambiguous and because it provides freedom for personal taste and choice
Detailed studies of nit 10 Because of that, the interpreter is forever confronted with the problem of how literally he is expected to keep to the printed page be confronted with: be brought face to face with; be or come face to face with( the necessity to solve something) e.g. The Chinese Exploration Team seemed to be confronted with insurmountable difficulties and hardships at first, but they returned home successful and triumphant The boy confronted his teacher ' s accusation with a firm voice and denied the charge that he had cheated in the final exam 这个男孩语气坚定地否认老师对他在期未考试时作弊的指责 keep to: limit oneself to something follow closely. See P170 e.g. Cultural traditions have strong binding power. For example, many Westerners keep to the custom of getting married only in June 文化传统有很大的约束力,例如许多西方人恪守只有在六月份结婚的习俗 鉴于此,演奏家面对的问题是怎样完全紧扣乐谱 L49 Composers are only human-they have been known to put notes down inexactly, to overlook important omissions. They have also been known to change their opinions in regard to their own indications of tempo and dynamics Meaning: After all, since composers are(imperfect) human beings, they make mistakes-they occasionally write down notes inaccurately, overlook something that has been left out, and change their opinions about what they specified
Detailed studies of Unit 10 L47. Because of that , the interpreter is forever confronted with the problem of how literally he is expected to keep to the printed page. be confronted with: be brought face to face with; be or come face to face with( the necessity to solve something) e.g. The Chinese Exploration Team seemed to be confronted with insurmountable difficulties and hardships at first, but they returned home successful and triumphant. The boy confronted his teacher’s accusation with a firm voice and denied the charge that he had cheated in the final exam. 这个男孩语气坚定地否认老师对他在期末考试时作弊的指责. keep to: limit oneself to something; follow closely. See P170 e.g. Cultural traditions have strong binding power. For example, many Westerners keep to the custom of getting married only in June. 文化传统有很大的约束力, 例如许多西方人恪守只有在六月份结婚的习俗. 鉴于此, 演奏家面对的问题 是怎样完全紧扣乐谱. L49 Composers are only human—they have been known to put notes down inexactly, to overlook important omissions. They have also been known to change their opinions in regard to their own indications of tempo and dynamics. Meaning: After all, since composers are (imperfect) human beings, they make mistakes—they occasionally write down notes inaccurately, overlook something that has been left out, and change their opinions about what they specified