Copyrighted Materials Copyright2009 DEStech Publications Retrieved from www.knovel.com Contents Preface vii Acknowledgements ix PART 1-FUNDAMENTALS OF CONSTITUENTS FOR COMPOSITES MANUFACTURING 1.Introduction ................... Examples of Products Made Using Different Manufacturing Techniques 3 General Characteristics of Manufacturing Using Composites 13 Functions of the Constituents of Composites 19 References 41 Appendix 41 Homework 43 2.Matrix Materials......... 45 Introduction 45 Different types of Matrix Materials and Their Prominence 45 Thermoset Matrix Materials 50 Thermoplastic Matrix 90 Fillers,Colorants and Other Resin Modifiers 95 Ceramic Matrices 96 Metal Matrix 96 References 97 Homework 97 3.Reinforcements-Fibers..............................99 General 99 Individual Filaments 100
Contents Preface vii Acknowledgements ix PART 1—FUNDAMENTALS OF CONSTITUENTS FOR COMPOSITES MANUFACTURING 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Examples of Products Made Using Different Manufacturing Techniques 3 General Characteristics of Manufacturing Using Composites 13 Functions of the Constituents of Composites 19 References 41 Appendix 41 Homework 43 2. Matrix Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Introduction 45 Different types of Matrix Materials and Their Prominence 45 Thermoset Matrix Materials 50 Thermoplastic Matrix 90 Fillers, Colorants and Other Resin Modifiers 95 Ceramic Matrices 96 Metal Matrix 96 References 97 Homework 97 3. Reinforcements—Fibers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 General 99 Individual Filaments 100 v
Vi Contents Tows 115 Fabrics and Other Reinforcement Forms 116 Deformation of a Bed of Fibers 123 References 136 Homework 72 Part 2-TECHNIQUES FOR COMPOSITES MANUFACTURING 4.Hand Laminating (or Wet Lay-up)and the Autoclave Processing of Composites...........................141 Hand Laminating (or Wet Lay-Up) 141 Autoclave Processing 143 References 202 Homework 204 5.Filament Winding and Fiber Placement......... 205 Filament Winding 205 Fiber Placement Process 230 References 231 Homework 231 6.Pultrusion. 233 General 233 Materials 235 Combination of Other Processes with Pultrusion 238 Factors Affecting the Pultrudability of a Composite Component 143 Summary 244 Reference 246 7.Liquid Composite Molding........................... 247 Introduction 247 Materials 255 Mold Filling 262 In-Mold Cure 283 References 287 Homework 287 8.Long Fiber Thermoplastic Matrix Composites........... 289 Introduction 289 Materials 291 Preliminary Material Combinations(PMCs) 293 Fabrication of the Final Product 301 References 181 Index 337 About the Author 343
Tows 115 Fabrics and Other Reinforcement Forms 116 Deformation of a Bed of Fibers 123 References 136 Homework 72 Part 2—TECHNIQUES FOR COMPOSITES MANUFACTURING 4. Hand Laminating (or Wet Lay-up) and the Autoclave Processing of Composites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Hand Laminating (or Wet Lay-Up) 141 Autoclave Processing 143 References 202 Homework 204 5. Filament Winding and Fiber Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Filament Winding 205 Fiber Placement Process 230 References 231 Homework 231 6. Pultrusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 General 233 Materials 235 Combination of Other Processes with Pultrusion 238 Factors Affecting the Pultrudability of a Composite Component 143 Summary 244 Reference 246 7. Liquid Composite Molding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Introduction 247 Materials 255 Mold Filling 262 In-Mold Cure 283 References 287 Homework 287 8. Long Fiber Thermoplastic Matrix Composites. . . . . . . . . . . 289 Introduction 289 Materials 291 Preliminary Material Combinations (PMCs) 293 Fabrication of the Final Product 301 References 181 Index 337 About the Author 343 vi Contents