Chapter 6/ Software Engineering MX Computer English Chapter 6 Software Engineering A计算机专业美语
Chapter 6 Software Engineering 计算机专业英语 6-1 Computer English Chapter 6 Software Engineering
Chapter 6 Software Engineering Requirements: 掌握软件的生命周期的基本术语与知识; 了解软件工程的发展趋势 了解软件设计方法; 了解软件安全的有关知识; 掌握复杂定语(从句)的翻译技巧。 计算机专业英语 6-2
Chapter 6 Software Engineering 计算机专业英语 6-2 • 掌握软件的生命周期的基本术语与知识； • 了解软件工程的发展趋势； • 了解软件设计方法； • 了解软件安全的有关知识； • 掌握复杂定语(从句)的翻译技巧。 Requirements:
Chapter 6 Software Engineering New Words Expressions manufactured products工业产品ieun场所 software life cycle软件生命周期 versus prep与…相对 nondescriptive adj非描述性的 community n团体,社会 authorized adj.权威认可的经授权的 leverage n.杠杆作用 generic adj一般的普通的 potential adj潜在的,可能的 in terms of ady.根据按照,用…的话 terminology n术语学 personnel n人员,职员 inventory r.详细目录,财产清册 adhere to v.粘附,粘着,坚持,追随 password n密码,口令 specification n详述,说明书,规范 encrypt V加密将…译成密码 preprocess vt.预加工,预处理 routine n程序 modular adj模块的,有标准组件的 well-estab| ished充分证实的 decomposition n分解 breakdown n.分解,故障 pertaining to与.有关的 maintenance n维护,保持 im perative ad强制性的,命令式 paradigm n.范例,模式 approach vt接近,解决n近似途径 conducive adi有助于的 evasive adj.逃避的;回避的;推托的 framework n构架,框架,结构 水升第机专业63
Chapter 6 Software Engineering 计算机专业英语 6-3 New Words & Expressions manufactured products 工业产品 lieu n.场所 software life cycle 软件生命周期 versus prep. 与...相对 nondescriptive adj. 非描述性的 community n.团体, 社会 authorized adj.权威认可的, 经授权的 leverage n.杠杆作用 generic adj. 一般的, 普通的 potential adj.潜在的, 可能的 in terms of adv.根据, 按照, 用...的话 terminology n.术语学 personnel n.人员, 职员 inventory n.详细目录, 财产清册 adhere to v.粘附, 粘着, 坚持, 追随 password n.密码, 口令 specification n.详述, 说明书, 规范 encrypt v.加密,将...译成密码 preprocess vt.预加工，预处理 routine n.程序 modular adj.模块的, 有标准组件的 well-established 充分证实的 decomposition n.分解 breakdown n. 分解，故障 pertaining to 与...有关的 maintenance n.维护, 保持 imperative adj.强制性的，命令式 paradigm n.范例，模式 approach vt.接近,解决;n.近似,途径 conducive adj.有助于...的 evasive adj.逃避的；回避的；推托的 framework n.构架, 框架, 结构
Chapter 6 Software Engineering New Words Expressions take the form of采取…形式 entity n实体;统一体 modular design标准设计,模块化设计 object-oriented面向对象的 stub n.树桩,桩模块 give way to让路让步 trial-and- error n试错,反复试验 malfunction n故障,出错 waterfall model瀑布模型 analogy n类似类推 after all ady毕竟 stark adv完全地 trial-and- creative试验并创造的 nonstructure非结构性 intuition n直觉,直觉的知识 contradiction n反驳,矛盾 incremental model增量式模型 update V修正,更新;n更新 stepwise adj楼梯式的,逐步的 prototy pe n原型 evolutionary prototy ping演化式原型 in favor of ady赞同,有利于 throwaway prototy ping抛弃原型 iron out消除;解决困难等 documentation n.文件 debugging n调试 spreadsheet n电子制表软件,电子数据表 Abbreviations cASE( computer-aided software engineering)计算机辅助软件工程 GU( Graphical User Interfaces)图形用户界面 计算机专业英语 6-4
Chapter 6 Software Engineering 计算机专业英语 6-4 New Words & Expressions take the form of 采取...形式 entity n.实体; 统一体 modular design 标准设计, 模块化设计 object-oriented 面向对象的 stub n.树桩, 桩模块 give way to 让路,让步 trial-and-error n.试错，反复试验 malfunction n.故障，出错 waterfall model 瀑布模型 analogy n.类似, 类推 after all adv.毕竟 stark adv.完全地 trial-and-creative 试验并创造的 nonstructure 非结构性 intuition n.直觉, 直觉的知识 contradiction n.反驳, 矛盾 incremental model 增量式模型 update v.修正, 更新；n.更新 stepwise adj.楼梯式的, 逐步的 prototype n.原型 evolutionary prototyping 演化式原型 in favor of adv.赞同, 有利于 throwaway prototyping 抛弃原型 iron out 消除；解决困难等 documentation n.文件 debugging n.调试 spreadsheet n.电子制表软件, 电子数据表 Abbreviations CASE (computer-aided software engineering) 计算机辅助软件工程 GUI (Graphical User Interfaces) 图形用户界面
Chapter 6 Software Engineering 6.1 The Software Life Cycle The most fundamental concept in software engineering is the software life cycle 软件生命周期是软件工程中最基本的概念。 6.1.1 The Cycle as a Whole Developmen Use Modifaction Figure 6-1 The software life cycle 算业6
Chapter 6 Software Engineering 计算机专业英语 6-5 6.1 The Software Life Cycle 6.1.1 The Cycle as a Whole Use Modifaction Developmen Figure 6-1 The software life cycle The most fundamental concept in software engineering is the software life cycle. 软件生命周期是软件工程中最基本的概念
Chapter 6 Software Engineering 6.1.1 The Cycle as a whole The software life cycle is shown in Figure 6-1. This figure represents the fact that once software is developed, it enters a cycle of being used and modified that continues for the rest of the software's life. Such a pattern is common for many manufactured products as well. The difference is that, in the case of other products, the modification phase is more accurately called a repair or maintenance phase because other products tend to move from being used to being modified as their parts become worn. 在图6-1中展示了软件的生命周期。这个图说明了一个事实:一且软件开发 完成,它就进入了使用和修改的循环,并且这个循环将在软件生命期的剩 余时间中不断进行。这样的模式对机器制造的产品而言也是很普通的。不 同之处在于,对于其他产品,软件工程中的修改阶段要被更精确地称作修 理或者维护阶段,因为其他产品由于部件的磨损会有从使用到修改的过程。 计算机专业英语 6-6
Chapter 6 Software Engineering 计算机专业英语 6-6 6.1.1 The Cycle as a Whole The software life cycle is shown in Figure 6-1. This figure represents the fact that once software is developed, it enters a cycle of being used and modified that continues for the rest of the software's life. Such a pattern is common for many manufactured products as well. The difference is that, in the case of other products, the modification phase is more accurately called a repair or maintenance phase because other products tend to move from being used to being modified as their parts become worn. 在图6-1中展示了软件的生命周期。这个图说明了一个事实：一旦软件开发 完成，它就进入了使用和修改的循环，并且这个循环将在软件生命期的剩 余时间中不断进行。这样的模式对机器制造的产品而言也是很普通的。不 同之处在于，对于其他产品，软件工程中的修改阶段要被更精确地称作修 理或者维护阶段，因为其他产品由于部件的磨损会有从使用到修改的过程
Chapter 6 Software Engineering 6.1.1 The Cycle as a whole Software. on the other hand does not wear out. Instead software moves into the modification phase because errors are discovered, because changes in the softwares application occur that require corresponding changes in the software, or because changes made during a previous modification are found to induce problems elsewhere in the software For example, changes in tax laws may require modifications to payroll programs that calculate withholding taxes, and all too often these changes may have adverse effects in other areas of the program that may not be discovered until some time later. 当然,软件不存在磨损的问题。但是,软件进入修改阶段或者是因为错误 被发现,或者是因为要在软件的应用程序中进行修改从而修改了软件,或 者是因为先前的改变又引起了软件其他地方出现了新的问题。例如,税务 法案的改变导致对计算扣税的工资程序进行修改,而太频繁的修改则会在 软件的其他地方引起反面的作用,而这些是不会被立即发现的。 计算机专业英语
Chapter 6 Software Engineering 计算机专业英语 6-7 6.1.1 The Cycle as a Whole Software, on the other hand, does not wear out. Instead, software moves into the modification phase because errors are discovered, because changes in the software's application occur that require corresponding changes in the software, or because changes made during a previous modification are found to induce problems elsewhere in the software. For example, changes in tax laws may require modifications to payroll programs that calculate withholding taxes, and all too often these changes may have adverse effects in other areas of the program that may not be discovered until some time later. 当然，软件不存在磨损的问题。但是，软件进入修改阶段或者是因为错误 被发现，或者是因为要在软件的应用程序中进行修改从而修改了软件，或 者是因为先前的改变又引起了软件其他地方出现了新的问题。例如，税务 法案的改变导致对计算扣税的工资程序进行修改，而太频繁的修改则会在 软件的其他地方引起反面的作用，而这些是不会被立即发现的
Chapter 6 Software Engineering 6.1.1 The Cycle as a whole Regardless of why software enters the modification phase the process requires that a person(often not the original author) study the underlying program and its documentation until the program, or at least the pertinent part of the program, is understood. Otherwise, any modification could introduce more problems than it solves. Acquiring this understanding can be a difficult task even when the software is well-designed and documented. In fact, it is often within this phase that a piece of software is finally discarded under the pretense(too often true)that it is easier to develop a new system from scratch than to modify the existing package successfully 不管因为什么原因软件进入了修改阶段,这个过程需要人们(通常不是原 始的作者)研究程序及其文档,直到程序或者至少是相关部分的程序能够 被理解。否则,任何的修改将导致比它所解决问题还要更多的问题出现 即使软件有优秀的设计和齐备的文档,理解也是一个很困难的工作。事实 上,常常是在这个阶段,一个有用的软件片段最终就被放弃了(常常是这 样),而开发一个新的系统比成功地修改现有软件更容易。 计算机专业英语 68
Chapter 6 Software Engineering 计算机专业英语 6-8 6.1.1 The Cycle as a Whole Regardless of why software enters the modification phase, the process requires that a person (often not the original author) study the underlying program and its documentation until the program, or at least the pertinent part of the program, is understood. Otherwise, any modification could introduce more problems than it solves. Acquiring this understanding can be a difficult task even when the software is well-designed and documented. In fact, it is often within this phase that a piece of software is finally discarded under the pretense (too often true) that it is easier to develop a new system from scratch than to modify the existing package successfully 不管因为什么原因软件进入了修改阶段，这个过程需要人们（通常不是原 始的作者）研究程序及其文档，直到程序或者至少是相关部分的程序能够 被理解。否则，任何的修改将导致比它所解决问题还要更多的问题出现。 即使软件有优秀的设计和齐备的文档，理解也是一个很困难的工作。事实 上，常常是在这个阶段，一个有用的软件片段最终就被放弃了（常常是这 样），而开发一个新的系统比成功地修改现有软件更容易
Chapter 6 Software Engineering 6.1.1 The Cycle as a whole Experience has shown that a little effort during the development of software can make a tremendous dfference when modifications in the software are required. 经验告诉我们软件开发过程中的一丁点付出,会在软件需要 修改的时候带来巨大的不同。 In turn most of the research in software engineering focuses on the development stage of the software life cycle, with the goal being te take advantage of this effort-versus-benefit leverages 反过来,大多数软件工程的研究都集中于软件生命周期的开发 阶段,它们的目标是要利用这个付出与收益的杠杆作用 计算机专业英语
Chapter 6 Software Engineering 计算机专业英语 6-9 6.1.1 The Cycle as a Whole Experience has shown that a little effort during the development of software can make a tremendous difference when modifications in the software are required. 经验告诉我们,软件开发过程中的一丁点付出，会在软件需要 修改的时候带来巨大的不同。 In turn, most of the research in software engineering focuses on the development stage of the software life cycle, with the goal being to take advantage of this effort-versus-benefit leverage. 反过来，大多数软件工程的研究都集中于软件生命周期的开发 阶段，它们的目标是要利用这个付出与收益的杠杆作用
Chapter 6 Software Engineering 6.1.1 The Cycle as a whole The Traditional Development Phase The stages within the development phase of the software life cycle are analysis, design, implementation, and testing (Figure 6-2). Analysis Hgn Implementati Testing 软件生命周期的开发阶段包括分析、设计、实现与测试等步骤(如图6-2所 计算机专业英语 6-10
Chapter 6 Software Engineering 计算机专业英语 6-10 6.1.1 The Cycle as a Whole The Traditional Development Phase The stages within the development phase of the software life cycle are analysis, design, implementation, and testing (Figure 6-2). 软件生命周期的开发阶段包括分析、设计、实现与测试等步骤（如图6-2所 示）。 Analysis Design Implementation Testing
