N 国家重点实验室 Chapter two Software defined networking 2.1 concepts and architecture of SDN 2.2 interfaces and protocols 92.3P4 2.4 application and research challenges 2020/5/14 Dr.Zhangi xu,National Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University 1
2020/5/14 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 1 Chapter two Software defined networking 2.1 concepts and architecture of SDN 2.2 interfaces and protocols 2.3 P4 2.4 application and research challenges
N 国家重点实验室 1.background and motivation A number of trends are driving network providers and users to reevaluate traditional approaches to network architecture - Demand is increasing ·Cloud computing 。 Big data 。Mobile traffic The Internet of Things(loT) Supply is increasing Transmission rate is increasing,e.g.,401*10G/--> 401*100G/入 Switching capacity/throughput is lifting sharply,Huawei company could perform switching as much as 256 to 819.2 Tbps 2020/5/14 Dr.Zhangi XU,National Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University 2
2020/5/14 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 2 1. background and motivation A number of trends are driving network providers and users to reevaluate traditional approaches to network architecture – Demand is increasing • Cloud computing • Big data • Mobile traffic • The Internet of Things (IoT) – Supply is increasing • Transmission rate is increasing, e.g., 40λ*10G/ λ --> 40λ*100G/ λ • Switching capacity/ throughput is lifting sharply, Huawei company could perform switching as much as 256 to 819.2 Tbps
-continued 国家重点实验室 Traffic A number of developments have resulted in far more dynamic and complex traffic patterns within the enterprise data centers,local and regional enterprise networks,and carrier networks; Client/server applications access multiple databases and servers,which generates "horizontal"traffic between servers as well as "vertical"traffic between servers and clients; Network convergence of voice,data,and video traffic creates unpredictable traffic patterns; The widespread use of public clouds has shifted a significant amount of what previously had been local traffic onto WANs for many enterprises,resulting in increased and often very unpredictable loads on enterprise routers. 2020/5/14 Dr.Zhanqi XU,National Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University 3
2020/5/14 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 3 -continued – Traffic A number of developments have resulted in far more dynamic and complex traffic patterns within the enterprise data centers, local and regional enterprise networks, and carrier networks; Client/server applications access multiple databases and servers, which generates “horizontal” traffic between servers as well as “vertical” traffic between servers and clients; Network convergence of voice, data, and video traffic creates unpredictable traffic patterns; The widespread use of public clouds has shifted a significant amount of what previously had been local traffic onto WANs for many enterprises, resulting in increased and often very unpredictable loads on enterprise routers
国家重点实验室 Once Upon a Time "AT&T Eyes Flexibility,Cost Savings With New Network Design",Wall Street journal,2014. Upgrade their internal network infrastructure(routers and switches)every 18 months to keep up with the current demands for network. Cost Billions USD to upgrade. Cisco top of the line switch cost $27K USD Other high cost:Involved many men power to upgrade the network. In Summary:AT&T was eyeing for SDN capable switches (only $11K USD each). 2020/5/14 Dr.Zhangi xU,National Key Lab on ISN,Xidian University 4
2020/5/14 Dr. Zhanqi XU, National Key Lab on ISN, Xidian University 4 “AT&T Eyes Flexibility, Cost Savings With New Network Design”, Wall Street journal, 2014. – Upgrade their internal network infrastructure (routers and switches) every 18 months to keep up with the current demands for network. – Cost Billions USD to upgrade. • Cisco top of the line switch cost $27K USD – Other high cost: Involved many men power to upgrade the network. – In Summary: AT&T was eyeing for SDN capable switches (only $11K USD each). Once Upon a Time
国家重点实验 The Networking Industry(2007) Applications are Routing,management,mobility management, access control,VPNs,.. App 1 App 2 App n Million of lines Operating Managed by 6000 RFCs of source code System Specialized Packet 500M gates Power Hungry Forwarding Hardware 10Gbytes RAM Earth Angry Many complex functions baked into the infrastructure OSPF,BGP(边界网关协议)，multicast,,differentiated services#(区 分服务) Traffic Engineering(流量工程)，NAT#(Network Address Translators 地址转换器)，firewalls,MPLS,redundant layers,. An industry with a“mainframe-mentality”（大型智力？)
Managed by 6000 RFCs 500M gates 10Gbytes RAM Power Hungry Earth Angry The Networking Industry (2007) Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware Operating System App 1 App 2 App n Applications are Routing, management, mobility management, access control, VPNs, … Million of lines of source code Many complex functions baked into the infrastructure OSPF, BGP （边界网关协议）, multicast, differentiated services #（区 分服务） Traffic Engineering（流量工程）, NAT#（Network Address Translators， 地址转换器）, firewalls, MPLS, redundant layers, … An industry with a “mainframe-mentality” (大型智力？)
N Reality..l！(As2015) 国家重点实验室 App App App 1 n App1 App2 App n Operating System Operating System Specialized Packet Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware Forwarding Hardware Closed equipment Operating a network is expensive Software bundled with hardware. More than half the cost of a network Vendor-specific interfaces. Yet,operator error causes most Over specified(过度制定规范) outages. Slow protocol standardization. Few people can innovate Equipment vendors write the Buggy software in the equipment code. Routers with 20+million lines of code Long delays to introduce new 。 Cascading(连续不断的)failures, features. vulnerabilities(弱点)，etc
Reality…!!!! (As 2015) Operating System App1 App2 App n Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware Operating System Closed equipment • Software bundled with hardware. • Vendor-specific interfaces. Over specified (过度制定规范) • Slow protocol standardization. Few people can innovate • Equipment vendors write the code. • Long delays to introduce new features. Operating a network is expensive • More than half the cost of a network. • Yet, operator error causes most outages. App 1 App 2 App n Buggy software in the equipment • Routers with 20+ million lines of code • Cascading （连续不断的）failures, vulnerabilities（弱点）, etc
Traditional Network Router 国家重点实验室 Router can be partitioned into control and data plane Management plane/configuring the network scenarios Control plane Decision-making:e.g.,OSPF #(Open Shortest Path First,comments:what are the metrics on which OSPF are depended ? Data plane/Forwarding packets Adjacent Router Router Adjacent Router Management/Policy plane Configuration/CLI/GU Routing Control plane Control plane Static routes Control plane OSPF OSPF OSPF Neighbor Link state IP routing table database table Switching Data plane Data plane Data plane Forwarding table
Traditional Network Router Router can be partitioned into control and data plane – Management plane/ configuring the network scenarios – Control plane / Decision-making: e.g., OSPF # (Open Shortest Path First, comments: what are the metrics on which OSPF are depended ?) – Data plane / Forwarding packets Adjacent Router Router Management/Policy plane Configuration / CLI / GUI Control plane Static routes OSPF Neighbor table Link state database IP routing table Forwarding table Data plane Data plane Control plane OSPF Adjacent Router Data plane Control plane OSPF Routing Switching
N 国家重点实验室 Traditional network router in summary 0 Typical Networking Software Management plane Control Plane-The brain/decision maker Data Plane -Packet forwarder Ethernet Switch Control Path(Software) $$$$ 南TA了A了AT了了南南T高T M110C7041 Data Path(Hardware) BuGs
Traditional network router in summary Typical Networking Software – Management plane – Control Plane – The brain/decision maker – Data Plane – Packet forwarder
N Traditional network ys SDN 国家重点实验室 SDN controller 梦 Control plane Switch 厨〉 Data plane Programmable switch packet flow ---------Packet forwarding rules (a)Traditional network architecture (b)SDN approach
Traditional network vs SDN packet flow --------- Packet forwarding rules
国家重点实验室 Imagine IF the network is so working that... Control Plane Logically-centralized control makes Smarter API to the data plane Separated Switches Dumb, fast Switches Switches Data Plane Switches SDN fundamental Concept: It separates Control plane and Data plane
Imagine IF the network is so working that… API to the data plane Logically-centralized control makes Switches Smarter Dumb, fast Control Plane Data Plane SDN fundamental Concept: It separates Control plane and Data plane. Separated Switches Switches Switches