生物化学A(上、下) Teaching Outlines of Biochemistry 发布时间:2012-03-13 览次数:584 Teaching Outlines of Biochemistry Biochemistry A(l, In) Credit hour 3, Period 3/week Teachers: Weida huang, Weirong wang, Shuxuan Zhan References Teaching materials: http://www.vcampus.fudan.edu.cn/course52 Nelson and Cox, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (3uedition) Strver: Biochemistry 沈同等《生物化学》(第三版),高等教育出版社,202 QUestions:whuang@fudan.edu.cnwrwang01@263.netwrwang01@yahoo.com.cn Chapter One Introduction (2 hours) 1. The derivation of science 2. The Meaning of science 3 Book Learning-Development History of Subject-Researching Methodology 4. What is Biochemistry 5. The Chronicle of Biochemistry 6. Key Technologies in Biochemistry 7. What Can Biochemistry Tell us Chapter Two Water (1 hour) 1, Water 2. Hydrogen Bond 3. The Characteristics of water 4. Hydrogen Bond in Liquid water 5. Hydrogen Bond in Solid water 6. The Relation of Intensity and Direction of Hydrogen Bond 7. Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation Chapter Three Amino Acids (3 hours) I. The History of Protein Researches 2. The classifications of protein 1). According to Physical-chemical Properties 2). According to Functions 3. The nobel winner in protein reseaches 4. Amino Acids Are the basic Components of protein 5. The discovery of 20 Amino Acids 6. The Name and symbol of Amino Acid(Chinese Name, English Name, Three Character Name and Single Character Name) 7. The Basic Structure of L-amino acid Huangs,Judgement 8. The modified Amino acid
生物化学A(上、下) Teaching Outlines of Biochemistry 发布时间: 2012-03-13 浏览次数: 584 Teaching Outlines of Biochemistry Biochemistry A(I，II) Credit hour 3, Period 3/week Teachers: Weida Huang, Weirong Wang, Shuxuan Zhan References： Teaching materials: http://www.vcampus.fudan.edu.cn/course_52 Nelson and Cox, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry（3 rd edition） Stryer： Biochemistry 沈同等《生物化学》(第三版)，高等教育出版社，2002。 Questions： whuang@fudan.edu.cn wrwang01@263.netwrwang01@yahoo.com.cn Chapter One Introduction（2 hours） 1．The Derivation of Science 2. The Meaning of Science 3 Book Learning-Development History of Subject-Researching Methodology 4. What is Biochemistry 5. The Chronicle of Biochemistry 6. Key Technologies in Biochemistry 7. What Can Biochemistry Tell us Chapter Two Water（1 hour） 1, Water 2. Hydrogen Bond 3. The Characteristics of Water 4. Hydriogen Bond in Liquid Water 5. Hydrogen Bond in Solid Water 6. The Relation of Intensity and Direction of Hydrogen Bond 7. Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation Chapter Three Amino Acids（3 hours） 1. The History of Protein Researches 2. The Classifications of Protein 1)．According to Physical-chemical Properties 2)．According to Functions 3. The Nobel Winner in Protein Reseaches 4. Amino Acids Are the Basic Components of Protein 5. The Discovery of 20 Amino Acids 6. The Name and symbol of Amino Acid（Chinese Name, English Name, Three Character Name and Single Character Name） 7. The Basic Structure of L-amino Acid Huang’s Judgement 8. The Modified Amino Acids
9. The Optical Rotation of Amino Acids 10. The phvsical and Chemical Characteristics of Amino acids 11. The Identification and Purification of Amino acids Chapter Four The Primary Structure of Proteins (4 hours) 1. The Structure levels of proteins 2. The Peptide bond links amino Acids 3. The Analysis Steps of the Primary Stucture of Proteins 4. The Cutting and Protection of disulfide bond 5. The problems Resulted From Cysteine 6. The Analysis Steps of the Primary Stucture of Proteins 7. The Hydrolysis of Peptide bond Chemical methods Enzvmatic Methods 8. The Determination Methods of n-terminal and c-terminal N-terminal: 1). Sanger Method 2). Edman Method 3). Dansyl Chloride/Edman Method 4). Enzymatic Digestion Method C-terminal l、 Hydrazine method 2、JH- labeling method 3. Enzymatic Digestion Method 4、 PFPA/PFPAA MEthod 9. Other Sequecing Methods Dicarboxypeptidase(DCP) Method Mass Spectrum Method Chapter Five The Higher Structure of Proteins (4 hours) 1. The Forces maintaining the Conformation of proteins 2. The Contributions of Linus Carl Pauling to the higher structure of proteins 3. The Peptide Plane in Peptide Chain 4. The characters of protein a-helix 5. Antiparallel p-sheet 6. Parallel B-sheet 7. The Higher Structure Levels of proteins The Primary Structure: Amino Acid Sequences The second structure a-helix, B-sheet The Super Second structure Module Domain The Tertiary Structure: The Space Site of All Atoms The Quaternary Structure: Polysubunit of Peptides 9. The Types of the Super Second Struc 10. The first structure Determines the higher structure 11. Anfinsen's Experiment 12. The Denaturation and Renaturation of proteins 13. The Structure and Functions of proteins Chapter Six The Structure and Functions of Proteins(6 hours) 1. Understanding to the relation of Structure and Function of proteins 2. Background of Reforming the Structure of Proteins 3. Control of protein Funtions
9. The Optical Rotation of Amino Acids 10. The Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Amino Acids 11. The Identification and Purification of Amino Acids Chapter Four The Primary Structure of Proteins（4 hours） 1. The Structure Levels of Proteins 2. The Peptide Bond Links Amino Acids 3. The Analysis Steps of the Primary Stucture of Proteins 4. The Cutting and Protection of disulfide bond 5. The Problems Resulted From Cysteine 6. The Analysis Steps of the Primary Stucture of Proteins 7. The Hydrolysis of Peptide Bond Chemical Methods Enzymatic Methods 8. The Determination Methods of N-terminal and C-terminal N-terminal： 1). Sanger Method 2). Edman Method 3). Dansyl Chloride/Edman Method 4). Enzymatic Digestion Method C-terminal： 1、Hydrazine Method 2、3H-labeling Method 3、Enzymatic Digestion Method 4、PFPA/PFPAA MEthod 9. Other Sequecing Methods Dicarboxypeptidase (DCP) Method Mass Spectrum Method Chapter Five The Higher Structure of Proteins（4 hours） 1. The Forces Maintaining the Conformation of Proteins 2. The Contributions of Linus Carl Pauling to the Higher Structure of Proteins 3. The Peptide Plane in Peptide Chain 4. The Characters of Protein α-helix 5. Antiparallel β-sheet 6. Parallel β-sheet 7. The Higher Structure Levels of Proteins The Primary Structure：Amino Acid Sequences The Second Structure：α-helix，β-sheet The Super Second Structure Module Domain The Tertiary Structure：The Space Site of All Atoms The Quaternary Structure：Polysubunit of Peptides 9. The Types of the Super Second Structure 10. The First Structure Determines the Higher Structure 11. Anfinsen’s Experiment 12. The Denaturation and Renaturation of Proteins 13. The Structure and Functions of Proteins Chapter Six The Structure and Functions of Proteins（6 hours） 1. Understanding to the Relation of Structure and Function of Proteins 2. Background of Reforming the Structure of Proteins 3. Control of Protein Funtions
4. Creations of New function proteins at one's pleasure 5. Reseahing Methods for Protein Structure and Function 6. New Directions and New Techniques 1).Proteomics 2)Protein chips 3)Display/molecular evolution engineering 4).Two-hybrid system 5).Gene knockout mice 7. What is proteomics? 8. Protein Chip Used for New Drug selection 9. Databases for Proteins //www.espasy.ch/swissmod //www.ncbi.nlmnih.gov/ //www.resb.org/pdb/ Chapter Seven The Physical-chemical Characteristics and Purifications of Proteins(3 hours) 1. The Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Proteins 2. Several Electrophoretic Methods in Common Use 3. Some Chromatography Methods for Protein Purifications 4. Quantitative Analysis Methods of Proteins Chapter Eight Enzymology (6 hours) 1. The Nature of Enzyme 2. The researching History of Enzymology 3. Why Can Enzyme Catalyze Biochemical Reactions 4. Structure Concept of the enzyme 5. Classification of Enzymes 6. The relation between Enzymatic Reaction of Vo and se Michaelis-Menten Equation 7. Three Kinds of Enzymatic Inhibitions Michealis-Menten Equations under Different Inhibitors 9. Effect of Temperature and ph on Enzymatic Acitivities 10. Enzymes with multi-subunits ll RNA as Enzyme 12. Antibody as enzyme Chapter Nine Nucleic Acids (6 hours) 1. Researching History of Nucleic Acids (1) 2. Researching History of Nucleic Acids (2) 3. Researching History of Nucleic Acids (3 4. Researching History of Nucleic Acids (4 5. Researching History of Nucleic Acids (5)--rRNA 6. Researching History of Nucleic Acids mRNA 7. Researching History of Nucleic Acids trNA 8. rna (ribonucleic acid) 9. dna(deoxyribonucleic acid) 10. Bases 11. Ribonuclesides and rribonucletides 12. Deoxyribonucleosides and deoxyribonucleotides 13. Watson-Crick's dNA double helix The Primary Structure of Nucleic Acids The Second structure of nucleic acids-Double helix The Tertiary Structure of Nucleic Acids--Conformation 14. DNA Sequencing(1)-Maxam/Gilbert Method
4. Creations of New Function Proteins at One’s Pleasure 5. Reseahing Methods for Protein Structure and Function 6. New Directions and New Techniques 1).Proteomics 2).Protein chips 3).Display/molecular evolution engineering 4).Two-hybrid system 5).Gene knockout mice 7. What is Proteomics? 8. Protein Chip Used for New Drug Selection 9. Databases for Proteins //www.espasy.ch/swissmod/ //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ //www.rcsb.org/pdb/ Chapter Seven The Physical-chemical Characteristics and Purifications of Proteins（3 hours） 1. The Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Proteins 2. Several Electrophoretic Methods in Common Use 3. Some Chromatography Methods for Protein Purifications 4. Quantitative Analysis Methods of Proteins Chapter Eight Enzymology（6 hours） 1. The Nature of Enzyme 2. The Researching History of Enzymology 3. Why Can Enzyme Catalyze Biochemical Reactions 4. Structure Concept of the Enzyme 5. Classification of Enzymes 6. The Relation between Enzymatic Reaction of V0 and [S] Michaelis-Menten Equation 7. Three Kinds of Enzymatic Inhibitions 8. Michealis-Menten Equations under Different Inhibitors 9. Effect of Temperature and pH on Enzymatic Acitivities 10. Enzymes with multi-subunits 11. RNA as Enzyme 12. Antibody as Enzyme Chapter Nine Nucleic Acids（6 hours） 1. Researching History of Nucleic Acids（1） 2. Researching History of Nucleic Acids（2） 3. Researching History of Nucleic Acids（3） 4. Researching History of Nucleic Acids（4） 5. Researching History of Nucleic Acids（5）--rRNA 6. Researching History of Nucleic Acids（6）--mRNA 7. Researching History of Nucleic Acids（7）--tRNA 8. RNA（ribonucleic acid） 9. DNA（deoxyribonucleic acid） 10. Bases 11. Ribonuclesides and Rribonucletides 12. Deoxyribonucleosides and Deoxyribonucleotides 13. Watson-Crick’s DNA Double Helix The Primary Structure of Nucleic Acids The Second Structure of Nucleic Acids—Double Helix The Tertiary Structure of Nucleic Acids--Conformation 14. DNA Sequencing（1）-- Maxam /Gilbert Method
15. DNA Sequencing (2)-ddNTP Method 16. DNA and DNA Restriction Enzymes 17. The denaturation of dna DNA Denaturation and uV absorbtion Effect of salt content on dna denaturation Tm of dNa Is related to the gC Content The relation of dna Content and renaturation Time DNA Renaturation and Cot Analysis Cot Curve of human dna DNA Denaturation and Molecular Hybridization Techniques Polymerase Chain Reaction 18. RNA-Structure and Molecular Characters 19. The Function of rNa 20. The central law of crick 21. The Processing Types of rna Chapter Ten Carbohydrates and Glycobiology (6 hours) 1. The World of Sugars 2. Carbohydrates'Concept in Biochemistry 3. Brief Researching History of Carbohydrates 4. The Composition, Empirical Formula and Molecular Formula of Carbohydrates 5. Classification of Carbohydrates 6. Chemical Structure of Glucose 7. The Straight Chain Structure of Glucose 8. Epimers 9. Optical Rotation of Glucose 10. Configuration of Carbohydrates 11. The Circle structure of glucose 12. The Mutarotation of glucose 13. The Conformation of glucose 14. The Structure of other Monosaccharides 15. The Chemical Properties of monosaccharides 16. Monosaccharides in Polysaccharides Complex 17. Monosaccharide Derivatives in Polysaccharides Complex 18. The Physical Characteristics of Monosaccharides 19. Oligosaccharides( oligose) 20. Polysaccharides Homopolysaccharide Starch (amylose, soluble starch) and (amylopectin Glycogen Chitin Lentinan. Pachymaran and laminarin Dexter Heteropolysaccharides) Hyaluronic acid, hyaluronan Chondroitin sulfate Dermatan sulfate 21 Polysaccharide Complex Glycolipids) Glycoproteins proteoglycans 22. Biological Functions of Polysaccharides
15. DNA Sequencing（2）--ddNTP Method 16. DNA and DNA Restriction Enzymes 17. The Denaturation of DNA DNA Denaturation and UV absorbtion Effect of Salt Content on DNA Denaturation Tm of DNA Is Related to the GC Content The Relation of DNA Content and Renaturation Time DNA Renaturation and Cot Analysis Cot Curve of Human DNA DNA Denaturation and Molecular Hybridization Techniques Polymerase Chain Reaction 18. RNA—Structure and Molecular Characters 19. The Function of RNA 20. The Central Law of Crick 21. The Processing Types of RNA Chapter Ten Carbohydrates and Glycobiology（6 hours） 1. The World of Sugars 2. Carbohydrates’ Concept in Biochemistry 3. Brief Researching History of Carbohydrates 4. The Composition, Empirical Formula and Molecular Formula of Carbohydrates 5. Classification of Carbohydrates 6. Chemical Structure of Glucose 7. The Straight Chain Structure of Glucose 8. Epimers 9. Optical Rotation of Glucose 10. Configuration of Carbohydrates 11. The Circle Structure of Glucose 12. The Mutarotation of Glucose 13. The Conformation of Glucose 14. The Structure of Other Monosaccharides 15. The Chemical Properties of Monosaccharides 16. Monosaccharides in Polysaccharides Complex 17. Monosaccharide Derivatives in Polysaccharides Complex 18. The Physical Characteristics of Monosaccharides 19. Oligosaccharides( oligose) 20. Polysaccharides Homopolysaccharides Starch（amylose, soluble starch）and（amylopectin） Glycogen Cellulose Chitin Lentinan, Pachymaran and Laminarine Dextran Heteropolysaccharides） Hyaluronic acid, hyaluronan Chondroitin sulfate Dermatan sulfate Heparin 21. Polysaccharide Complex Glycolipids）、 Glycoproteins) proteoglycans 22. Biological Functions of Polysaccharides
23. Glycobiology and glycotechnology Chapter Eleven Lipids and Lipid Biochemistry (4 hours) I. The Definition of lipids 2. The functions of lipids 3. Classification of Lipids 4. Fatty acids 5. Amphipathic Lipid Aggregates That Forms in Water 6. Triacylglycerols( triglycerides) 7. Whale wax 8. The Physical and Chemical Properties of glycerides 9. Waxes 10. Membrane lipids Glycerophospholipids Sphingolipids ll. Lecithin(Phosphatidylcholine) 12. Aether Lipids 13. Sphingosine and Sphingolipids 14. Lecithin and Sphingomyelin Sphingolipids are the biological ition Site 16. Steroids are the hydrocarbons with four fixed rings 17. Vitamin d and steroid hormones 18. Prostaglandins(PG) 19. Vitamin a、D、Kand Isolation and Analysis of lipids Chapter 12 Biomembrane and Transport (2 hours) 1. Biomembl 2. Biomembrane under Electromicroscope 3. The basic function of biolodical membrane 4. Biochemical Characters of biomembrane 5. The Molecular Composotions of Membrane Basic Composotion Every Membrane Has a Dignoxtic Lipid Composition Membrane proteins Membrane with different functions Has different Proteins Supermolecular Structure of Membrane Membrane integral Proteins are not water-soluble Some peripheral proteins Are Covalent Anchored to membrane lipids Memnrane Proteins Are Not Symmetry 6. Membrane fusion Are Central Event to many biologic Processes 7. Transmembrane Transport Simple Diffusion Assistive diffusion permease Cotransport Chloride-bicarbonate Exchange protein Active Transport Nat K+ Pump Ca2+- aTPase P-type、Ⅴ-type、H Endocytosis and Exocytosis
23. Glycobiology and Glycotechnology Chapter Eleven Lipids and Lipid Biochemistry（4 hours） 1. The Definition of Lipids 2. The functions of Lipids 3. Classification of Lipids 4. Fatty acids 5. Amphipathic Lipid Aggregates That Forms in Water 6. Triacylglycerols( tryglycerides) 7. Whale Wax 8. The Physical and Chemical Properties of Glycerides 9. Waxes 10. Membrane Lipids Glycerophospholipids Sphingolipids Srerols 11. Lecithin(Phosphatidylcholine) 12. Aether Lipids 13. Sphingosine and Sphingolipids 14. Lecithin and Sphingomyelin 15. Sphingolipids are the Biological Recognition Site 16. Steroids are the hydrocarbons with four fixed rings 17. Vitamin D and Steroid Hormones 18. Prostaglandins(PG) 19. Vitamin A、D、K and E 20. Isolation and Analysis of Lipids Chapter 12 Biomembrane and Transport（2 hours） 1. Biomembrane 2. Biomembrane under Electromicroscope 3. The Basic Function of Biolodical Membrane 4. Biochemical Characters of Biomembrane 5. The Molecular Composotions of Membrane Basic Composotion Every Membrane Has a Dignoxtic Lipid Composition Membrane Proteins Membrane with Different Functions Has Different Proteins Supermolecular Structure of Membrane Membrane Integral Proteins Are Not Water-soluble Some Peripheral Proteins Are Covalent Anchored to Membrane Lipids Memnrane Proteins Are Not Symmetry 6. Membrane Fusion Are Central Event to Many Biologic Processes 7. Transmembrane Transport Simple Diffusion Assistive Diffusion Passive Transport Permease Cotransport Chloride-bicarbonate Exchange Protein Active Transport Na+_K+ Pump Ca2+－ATPase P－type、 V－type、 H+-ATPase 8. Endocytosis and Exocytosis
9 Ion channel Chapter Thirteen Vitamins and Coenzymes(3 hours) 1. What Are vitamins? 2. The functions of vitamins 3. Classification of vitamins 4. Vitamin A and Carotene 5. Vitamin d 6. Vitamin e 7. Vitamin K 8. Thioctic Acid( Lipoic Acid) 9. B Family Vitamins 10. Vitamin Bi and TPP 11. Vitamin B and FAD. FMN 13. Nicotinic acid. Nicotinamide and nad. nadp 14. Vitamin B6 and Pyridoxal Phosphat 15. Biotin and Biocytin 16. Pantothenic Acid and Coenzyme A(CoA) 17. Folic Acid and Tetrahydrofolic Acid 18. Tetrahydrofolic Acid and One Carbon Unit Metabolism 19. Vitamin B12 20. Vitamin C 21. Vitamin and Cancer Therapy? 22.The Reasons of vitamin Deficiency Chapter Fourteen Hormones and Signal Transduction (3 hours) 1. The definition of hormones 2. Neuronal Signaling and Endocrine signaling 3. The functions of hormones 4. Classification of hormones 5. Some familiar Hormones 6. Hormone Assay 7. Two Basic Mechanisms of Hormone Actions 8. Peptide Hormones 9. The Processing and Secretion of Insulin 10. The Hydrolysis and Processing of Proprehormones I1 Amine hormones 12. Eicosanoids 13. Steroid hormones 14. Hormone Signaling Hierarchy 15 Action Mechanism of Leptin 16. Epinephrine Signals Impending Activity 17. Insulin Signals High Blood Glucose 18. Glucagon Signals low blood glucose 19. cAmp Acts as a Second Messenger for a Number of regulatory Molecules 20. Epinephrine cascade 21. Other Second messenger molecules Biochemistry A(l) Credit hour 3. Period 3/week Chapter One General Introduction to Metabolism)(I hour)
9. Signal Transduction 10. Ion Channel Chapter Thirteen Vitamins and Coenzymes（3 hours） 1. What Are Vitamins? 2. The Functions of Vitamins 3. Classification of Vitamins 4. Vitamin A and Carotene 5. Vitamin D 6. Vitamin E 7. Vitamin K 8. Thioctic Acid( Lipoic Acid) 9. Ｂ Family Vitamins 10. Vitamin B1 and TPP 11. Vitamin B2 and FAD、FMN 13. Nicotinic Acid、Nicotinamide and NAD、NADP 14. Vitamin B6 and Pyridoxal Phosphat 15． Biotin and Biocytin 16． Pantothenic Acid and Coenzyme A(CoA) 17．Folic Acid and Tetrahydrofolic Acid 18. Tetrahydrofolic Acid and One Carbon Unit Metabolism 19. Vitamin B12 20. Vitamin C 21. Vitamin and Cancer Therapy? 22. The Reasons of Vitamin Deficiency Chapter Fourteen Hormones and Signal Transduction（3 hours） 1. The Definition of Hormones 2. Neuronal Signaling and Endocrine Signaling 3. The Functions of Hormones 4. Classification of Hormones 5. Some familiar Hormones 6. Hormone Assay 7. Two Basic Mechanisms of Hormone Actions 8. Peptide Hormones 9. The Processing and Secretion of Insulin 10. The Hydrolysis and Processing of Proprehormones 11. Amine Hormones 12. Eicosanoids 13. Steroid Hormones 14. Hormone Signaling Hierarchy 15. Action Mechanism of Leptin 16. Epinephrine Signals Impending Activity 17. Insulin Signals High Blood Glucose 18. Glucagon Signals Low Blood Glucose 19. cAmp Acts as a Second Messenger for a Number of Regulatory Molecules 20. Epinephrine Cascade 21. Other Second Messenger Molecules Biochemistry A(II) Credit hour 3, Period 3/week Chapter One General Introduction to Metabolism）（1 hour）
l. The Concept of Metabolism 2. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs 3. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Cycles between Autotrophs and Heterotrophs 4. Nitrogen Cycles in Biosphere 5. The Characters of metabolism 6. Energies in Metabolism 7. Metabolic Researching Objects 8. Metabolic Researching Methods Relations of Metabolism and Other Subjects Chapter Two Biological Oxidation (3 hours) I. The Concept of Biological Oxidation 2. Charaters of Biological Oxidation 3. Manners of Biological Oxidation 4. Biological Oxidation System-Respiratory Chain 5. The Most Universal and Important Respiratory Chain in Human 6. Electronic Carriers Act as Multi-enzymes Complex 7. Q-cycle 8. Functions of Respiratory Chain 9. Respiratory Complex Isolation 10. Electron and Proton Flow Diagram in Respiratory Chain Il. Proton Grads and AtP Synthesis 12. Shuttle Systems of Nadh 13. Adenine nucleotide translocase 14. Formation of high energic bond 15. Oxidative Phosphorylation Oxidative Phosphorylation P/O Ratio Effectors of Oxidative Phosphorylation Uncoupling Proteins, UCPs Oxidative Pgosphorylation Mechanisms ATP Synthatase The Transfer, Storage and Utilization of energy 16. Nonmitochondrial Oxidative System Microsome oxidative System Peroxisome Oxidative System Chapter Three Carbohydrate Metabolism( 8 hours) I. The common metabolic processes of all fuels 2. Digestion and Absorbtion of Carbohydrates 3. Blood gl utcose Concept Outlets Regulations Sugar tolerance 4. Glycogenesis 5. Glycogenolysis 6. Cori cycle 7. Glycolysis and Fermentation--EMP Prelude of Other Carbohydrates Going into EMP The metabolic Fate of d-Glucose Glycolysis EMP Pathway
1. The Concept of Metabolism 2. Autotrophs and Heterotrophs 3. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Cycles between Autotrophs and Heterotrophs 4. Nitrogen Cycles in Biosphere 5. The Characters of Metabolism 6. Energies in Metabolism 7. Metabolic Researching Objects 8. Metabolic Researching Methods 9. Relations of Metabolism and Other Subjects Chapter Two Biological Oxidation（3 hours） 1. The Concept of Biological Oxidation 2. Charaters of Biological Oxidation 3. Manners of Biological Oxidation 4. Biological Oxidation System—Respiratory Chain 5. The Most Universal and Important Respiratory Chain in Human 6. Electronic Carriers Act as Multi-enzymes Complex 7. Q-cycle 8. Functions of Respiratory Chain 9. Respiratory Complex Isolation 10. Electron and Proton Flow Diagram in Respiratory Chain 11. Proton Grads and ATP Synthesis 12. Shuttle Systems of NADH 13. Adenine nucleotide translocase 14. Formation of High Energic Bond 15. Oxidative Phosphorylation Oxidative Phosphorylation P/O Ratio Effectors of Oxidative Phosphorylation Uncoupling Proteins, UCPs Oxidative Pgosphorylation Mechanisms ATP Synthatase The Transfer, Storage and Utilization of Energy 16. Nonmitochondrial Oxidative System Microsome Oxidative System Peroxisome Oxidative System Chapter Three Carbohydrate Metabolism（8 hours） 1. The Common Metabolic Processes of All Fuels 2. Digestion and Absorbtion of Carbohydrates 3. Blood Glucose Concept Sources Outlets Regulations Sugar Tolerance 4. Glycogenesis 5. Glycogenolysis 6. Cori cycle 7. Glycolysis and Fermentation--EMP Prelude of Other Carbohydrates Going into EMP The Metabolic Fate of D-Glucose Glycolysis EMP Pathway
The Metabolic Fate of Pyruvic acid EMP Pathway Table of emp reactions Statements to EMP Pathway The fate of nadh+h Glycerol Fermentation by Yeast EMP Summarization Regulations of EMP Pathway Other Monosaccharides Going into EMP Pathway 8. Citric Acid Cycle Is the Central of Fuel Metabolism Pyruvic to Acetyl CoA The reactions Catalyzed by Pyruvic Acid Dehydrogenase Complex Pyruvic Dehydrogenase Complex Regulation of Py dHE Complex Citric Acid Cycle[Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle(TCA), Krebs cycle Lethal synthesis Substrate Level Phosphorylation of TCA TCA Summarization Energy Metabolism in TCA 9. Replenish Reactions 11. Regulations of tca metabolism 12. Gluconeogenesis 13. Futile Cycle HMP Pathway 16. Glucuronic Acid Pathway(Uronic Acid Pathway) 17. Carbohydrate Metabolic Block 18. Diabetes mellitus Chapter Four Photosynthesis (2 hours) I. Photosynthesis 2. Two Steps of Photosynthesis 3. Chloroplast and Chlorophylls 4. Photoreaction System Red dror Hill Reaction PS I Photosynthetic chain Photosynthetic System and ATP Synthesis Photophosphorylation 5. Dark Reactior Calvin cycle RUBP Carboxylase/Oxygenase Calvin Cvcle Regulation 6. Sucrose Synthesis 7. C4 Pathway (Hatch-Slack Pathway Chapter Five lipid Metabolism (5 hours) 1. Fat Meta bolism 2. Fat Digestion ans Absorption 3. Fat Enzymatic Hydrolysis 4. Hormone mobilization of fat
The Metabolic Fate of Pyruvic Acid EMP Pathway Table of EMP Reactions Statements to EMP Pathway The Fate of NADH+H+ Glycerol Fermentation by Yeast EMP Summarization Regulations of EMP Pathway Other Monosaccharides Going into EMP Pathway 8. Citric Acid Cycle Is the Central of Fuel Metabolism Pyruvic to Acetyl CoA The Reactions Catalyzed by Pyruvic Acid Dehydrogenase Complex Pyruvic Dehydrogenase Complex Regulation of Py dHE Complex Citric Acid Cycle[Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle(TCA), Krebs cycle] Lethal synthesis Substrate Level Phosphorylation of TCA TCA Summarization Energy Metabolism in TCA 9. Replenish Reactions 11. Regulations of TCA Metabolism 12. Gluconeogenesis 13. Futile Cycle 15. HMP Pathway 16. Glucuronic Acid Pathway(Uronic Acid Pathway) 17. Carbohydrate Metabolic Block 18. Diabetes mellitus Chapter Four Photosynthesis（2 hours） 1. Photosynthesis 2. Two Steps of Photosynthesis 3. Chloroplast and Chlorophylls 4. Photoreaction System Red drop Synergism Hill Reaction PS II PS I Photosynthetic Chain Photosynthetic System and ATP Synthesis Photophosphorylation 5. Dark Reaction Calvin cycle RUBP Carboxylase/Oxygenase Calvin Cycle Regulation 6. Sucrose Synthesis 7. C4 Pathway(Hatch-Slack Pathway) Chapter Five Lipid Metabolism (5 hours) 1. Fat Metabolism 2. Fat Digestion ans Absorption 3. Fat Enzymatic Hydrolysis 4. Hormone Mobilization of Fat
5. Hormone regulation of Fat Mobilization 6. Glycerol Metabolism 7. Fatty Acid Oxidation Activation Carnitine Transport b-oxidation FA b-oxidation Summarization 8. Ketone Body Metabolism Unsaturated Fatty Acid Oxidation 10. Odd Carbon Fatty Acid Oxidation 11. Fatty Acid Oxidation in Peroxisomes 12. Fatty Acid a-oxidation 13. Fatty Acid w-oxidation 14. Propanic Acid Metabolism 5. Biosynthesis of Fatty Acid Acetyl CoA Is Transported as Citric Acid into Cytoplasm Malonyl CoA Acetyl CoA Carboxylase Acyl Carrier Protein(ACP) FA Synthetase Complex Whole Synthetic Process of Palmitic Acid Differences between Synthesis and catabolism of Palmitic acid Other Fatty Acids Synthesized from Palmitic Acid Mitochondial Synthetic System of Fatty Acids Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids 16. Fat Synthesis 17. Formation and Preventiveness of Fatty Liver 18 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Phospholipids 19. Synthesis of Phospholipids De novo Synthesis( Bacteria): De novo Synthesis(Mammalian) Salvage pathway 20. Ceramide synthes 21. Digestion and absorption of Cholesterol 22. Cholesterol Metabolism 23. Cholesterol Biosynthesis 24. Regulation of Cholesterol Biosynthesis Cholelithiasis Sclerosis Chylomicron(CM) Very low density lipoprotein(VLDL) Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) High Density Lipoprotein(HDL) 26 Lipid Metabolic block Ketonemia Ketonuria Fatty Liver Sclerosis Chapter Six Protein Degradation and Amino Acid Metabolism (5 hours)
5. Hormone Regulation Of Fat Mobilization 6. Glycerol Metabolism 7. Fatty Acid Oxidation Activation Carnitine Transport b-oxidation FA b-oxidation Summarization 8. Ketone Body Metabolism 9. Unsaturated Fatty Acid Oxidation 10. Odd Carbon Fatty Acid Oxidation 11. Fatty Acid Oxidation in Peroxisomes 12. Fatty Acid a-oxidation 13. Fatty Acid w-oxidation 14. Propanic Acid Metabolism 15. Biosynthesis of Fatty Acid Acetyl CoA Is Transported as Citric Acid into Cytoplasm Malonyl CoA Acetyl CoA Carboxylase Acyl Carrier Protein(ACP) FA Synthetase Complex Whole Synthetic Process of Palmitic Acid Differences between Synthesis and Catabolism of Palmitic Acid Other Fatty Acids Synthesized from Palmitic Acid Mitochondial Synthetic System of Fatty Acids Microsomal Synthetic System of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids 16. Fat Synthesis 17. Formation and Preventiveness of Fatty Liver 18. Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Phospholipids 19. Synthesis of Phospholipids De novo Synthesis(Bacteria)： De novo Synthesis(Mammalian)： Salvage Pathway 20. Ceramide Synthesis 21. Digestion and Absorption of Cholesterol 22. Cholesterol Metabolism 23. Cholesterol Biosynthesis 24. Regulation of Cholesterol Biosynthesis Cholelithiasis Asclerosis 25. Lipoproteins Chylomicron(CM) Very Low Density Lipoprotein(VLDL) Low Density Lipoprotein(LDL) High Density Lipoprotein(HDL) 26. Lipid Metabolic Block Ketone body Ketonemia Ketonuria Fatty Liver Asclerosis Chapter Six Protein Degradation and Amino Acid Metabolism（5 hours）
1. Sources and outlets of ammonia 2. Mammalian Ammonia Catabolism 3. Amido catabolism 4. Nitrogen is the biological Nitrogen stock 5. Nitrogen Cycle 6. Biological Nitrogen fixation 7. Ammonia Fixation 8. Digestion of proteins Protein digestion related diseases Celiac disease Acute pancreatitis Hypersusceptibility of Food Proteins 10. Common Metabolism of Amino Acids Deamination transamination United Deamination Deamidation Il. Ammonia Transportation 12. Ammonia excretion 13. Urea Cycle(Ornithine Cycle)(Krebs-Henseleit Cycle Urea formation Urea Cycle and TCA Hepatic coma 14. Oxidation of carbon skeleton of amino acids 15 Amino acid and one carbon Unit Gly and one carbon Unit Thr Ser and One carbon Unit His and One Carbon Unit Met and One carbon Unit One Carbon Unit and biosynthesis 16. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids 17. Branched Amino Acids Metabolism and Maple Sugar(Syrup) Urine Disease 18. Aromatic Amino acids metabolism and genetic diseases Phenylketonuria(PKU) Albinism 19. Some Biological Substances Synthesized from Amino Acids Chapter Seven Degradation of Nucleic Acids and Nucleotide Metabolism (4 hours) 1. Degradation of nucleic acids Nuclease (DNase, RNase Phosphodiesterase Nucleotidase(phosphomonoesterase) Nucleosidase 2. Catabolism of Nucleotides 3. Catabolism of purines Xanthine Oxidase Allopurinol Suicide substrate and suicide 4. Catabolism of Pyrimidines 5. Biosynthesis of Purine nucleotides De novo svnthesis
1. Sources and Outlets of Ammonia 2. Mammalian Ammonia Catabolism 3. Amido Catabolism 4. Nitrogen Is The Biological Nitrogen Stocks 5. Nitrogen Cycle 6. Biological Nitrogen Fixation 7. Ammomnia Fixation 8. Digestion of Proteins 9. Protein Digestion Related Diseases Celiac disease Acute pancteatitis Hypersusceptibility of Food Proteins 10. Common Metabolism of Amino Acids Deamination Transamination United Deamination Deamidation Decarboxylation 11．Ammonia Transportation 12．Ammonia Excretion 13. Urea Cycle(Ornithine Cycle)(Krebs-Henseleit Cycle) Urea Formation Urea Cycle and TCA Hepatic coma 14. Oxidation of Carbon Skeleton of Amino Acids 15. Amino Acid and One Carbon Unit Gly and One Carbon Unit Thr,Ser and One Carbon Unit His and One Carbon Unit Met and One Carbon Unit One Carbon Unit and Biosynthesis 16. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids 17. Branched Amino Acids Metabolism and Maple Sugar(Syrup) Urine Disease 18. Aromatic Amino Acids Metabolism and Genetic Diseases Phenylketonuria(PKU) Albinism Alkaptonuria 19. Some Biological Substances Synthesized from Amino Acids Chapter Seven Degradation of Nucleic Acids and Nucleotide Metabolism（4 hours） 1. Degradation of Nucleic Acids Nuclease（DNase、RNase） Phosphodiesterase Nucleotidase (phosphomonoesterase) Nucleosidase 2. Catabolism of Nucleotides 3. Catabolism of Purines Xanthine Oxidase Gout Allopurinol Suicide Substrate and Suicide 4．Catabolism of Pyrimidines 5. Biosynthesis of Purine Nucleotides De novo synthesis