Unit 1 Personality In-Class Reading 羞怯的痛苦 1对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人一一矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明 的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的一一都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自 然：也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想 法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿 的衣服毫不引人注目。 2很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式 之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个 方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。 而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发 地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批 评所伤害：他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建 议。 3相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做 “该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了 他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人 也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这 不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。 4能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信 从而克服羞怯。由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点 一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。 5如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望 必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。当我们嫉妒比自己 成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我否定。如果你害羞，这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信 心并克服羞怯感： 61.认清自己的优缺点。每个人既有优点又有缺点。随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会 自然减弱。 72.确定合理的目标。例如，在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起，你也许会怯场。不要以为你 必须和每个人交谈。集中精力，仅和一两个人交谈，你会感到更自在些。 83.内疚和羞耻感是消极的情感。不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。假设你伤害了某人的 感情，（光）感到羞愧是无济于事的。相反，应该承认你犯了个错误，并决心在将来更加善 解人意。 94.所有问题都有许多种解决办法。很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。要敢于公开表达 自己的观点。 105.不要对自己做消极的评论。这是一种自我否定。千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的、丑陋的， 或者一个失败者。注重自己积极的方面
1 Unit 1 Personality In-Class Reading 羞怯的痛苦 1 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明 的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自 然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想 法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿 的衣服毫不引人注目。 2 很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式 之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个 方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。 而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发 地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批 评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建 议。 3 相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做 “该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了 他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人 也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这 不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。 4能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信 从而克服羞怯。由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点 一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。 5 如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望 必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。当我们嫉妒比自己 成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我否定。如果你害羞，这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信 心并克服羞怯感： 6 1．认清自己的优缺点。每个人既有优点又有缺点。随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会 自然减弱。 7 2．确定合理的目标。例如，在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起，你也许会怯场。不要以为你 必须和每个人交谈。集中精力，仅和一两个人交谈，你会感到更自在些。 8 3．内疚和羞耻感是消极的情感。不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。假设你伤害了某人的 感情，（光）感到羞愧是无济于事的。相反，应该承认你犯了个错误，并决心在将来更加善 解人意。 9 4．所有问题都有许多种解决办法。很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。要敢于公开表达 自己的观点。 10 5．不要对自己做消极的评论。这是一种自我否定。千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的、丑陋的， 或者一个失败者。注重自己积极的方面
116.接受批评时要缜密思考。不要把批评理解为人身攻击。例如，如果一位朋友抱怨你的 烹饪技术，要把这当成对你的烹饪技术而不是对你本人的评价而接受下来。放心，你们还是 好朋友，但你的烹饪技术也许确实有待改进。 127.记住，每个人都会经历一些失败和挫折。要把它们作为增长见识的经历，从中受益。 挫折往往会成为转机，随之而来的将是一段美妙绝伦的经历。例如，你可能被你所中意的大 学拒之门外。然而，在你就读的大学里，你可能发现这里教育的某一特点比你料想的好得多。 138.有些人会使你感到自己无能，不要和这种人交往。去设法改变他们对你的态度或者改 变你对自己的态度，要不就脱离这种关系。伤害你的人并不关心你的最大利益。 149.留出时间休息，享受自己的业余爱好，并且定期地重新审定自己的目标。为此所花费 的时间有助于更好地了解你自己。 1510.多在社交场合中锻炼。不要把自己同他人隔离开来。设法一次结识一位朋友：最终 你将能够娴熟而自信地在众人中周旋。我们每个人都是独一无二、难能可贵的个体。我们自 有吸引人的地方。我们对自己了解得越多，就越容易充分发挥自己的潜力。不要让羞怯成为 阻碍我们拥有丰富和成功生活的绊脚石。 After-Class Reading 看待生活的两种方式 你的生活态度是你个人人生观的深刻体现。（让我们）更仔细地看一下二者的关系。你是个 悲观主义者，还是个乐观主义者？你看待（生活）的方式确实影响着你的生活态度，你清楚 吗？请记住：改变了你的人生观，就改变了你的生活态度。 1父亲低头年看着小床里睡得正熟的女儿，女儿出生没几天，刚从医院回家。她的漂亮和完 美使他心中充满了敬畏和感激。 2这时孩子睁开了眼睛，直直地向上方望着。 3父亲叫她的名字，期待着她转头看他。她的眼晴却一动不动 4他拿起系在婴儿床围栏上的小绒毛玩具摇起来，玩具上的响铃发出叮叮当当的声音。孩子 的眼晴还是一动不动。 5他的心跳开始加速。他在卧室里找到了妻子并把刚刚发生的事告诉了她。“她似乎对声音 毫无反应，”他说。“好像她根本听不到。” 6“我敢肯定她一切正常，”妻子说着，一边披上晨衣。他们一起走进了婴儿的房间。 7她叫着孩子的名字，把铃摇得叮当响，还拍手。随后她把孩子抱起来，这时孩子一下子变 得活泼起来并发出开心的声音。 8“天哪，”父亲说，“她是个聋子。” 9“不，不会的，”母亲说。“我是说，现在这么说太早了。你看，她刚出生不久，视线还 不能集中呢。” 10“可是刚才你那么用力地拍手，她都没有一点反应。” 2
2 11 6．接受批评时要缜密思考。不要把批评理解为人身攻击。例如，如果一位朋友抱怨你的 烹饪技术，要把这当成对你的烹饪技术而不是对你本人的评价而接受下来。放心，你们还是 好朋友，但你的烹饪技术也许确实有待改进。 12 7．记住，每个人都会经历一些失败和挫折。要把它们作为增长见识的经历，从中受益。 挫折往往会成为转机，随之而来的将是一段美妙绝伦的经历。例如，你可能被你所中意的大 学拒之门外。然而，在你就读的大学里，你可能发现这里教育的某一特点比你料想的好得多。 13 8．有些人会使你感到自己无能，不要和这种人交往。去设法改变他们对你的态度或者改 变你对自己的态度，要不就脱离这种关系。伤害你的人并不关心你的最大利益。 14 9．留出时间休息，享受自己的业余爱好，并且定期地重新审定自己的目标。为此所花费 的时间有助于更好地了解你自己。 15 10．多在社交场合中锻炼。不要把自己同他人隔离开来。设法一次结识一位朋友；最终 你将能够娴熟而自信地在众人中周旋。我们每个人都是独一无二、难能可贵的个体。我们自 有吸引人的地方。我们对自己了解得越多，就越容易充分发挥自己的潜力。不要让羞怯成为 阻碍我们拥有丰富和成功生活的绊脚石。 After-Class Reading 看待生活的两种方式 你的生活态度是你个人人生观的深刻体现。（让我们）更仔细地看一下二者的关系。你是个 悲观主义者，还是个乐观主义者？你看待（生活）的方式确实影响着你的生活态度，你清楚 吗？请记住：改变了你的人生观，就改变了你的生活态度。 1 父亲低头年看着小床里睡得正熟的女儿，女儿出生没几天，刚从医院回家。她的漂亮和完 美使他心中充满了敬畏和感激。 2 这时孩子睁开了眼睛，直直地向上方望着。 3 父亲叫她的名字，期待着她转头看他。她的眼睛却一动不动。 4 他拿起系在婴儿床围栏上的小绒毛玩具摇起来，玩具上的响铃发出叮叮当当的声音。孩子 的眼睛还是一动不动。 5 他的心跳开始加速。他在卧室里找到了妻子并把刚刚发生的事告诉了她。“她似乎对声音 毫无反应，”他说。“好像她根本听不到。” 6 “我敢肯定她一切正常，”妻子说着，一边披上晨衣。他们一起走进了婴儿的房间。 7 她叫着孩子的名字，把铃摇得叮当响，还拍手。随后她把孩子抱起来，这时孩子一下子变 得活泼起来并发出开心的声音。 8 “天哪，”父亲说，“她是个聋子。” 9 “不，不会的，”母亲说。“我是说，现在这么说太早了。你看，她刚出生不久，视线还 不能集中呢。” 10 “可是刚才你那么用力地拍手，她都没有一点反应
11母亲从书架上拿了一本书。“让我们看看这本育儿书上怎么说，”她说道。她查到“听 觉”栏，大声读道：“‘如果你的新生儿听到响声不吃惊，或者不会朝向发出声音的方向， 不必慌张。因为对声音的反应通常要过一段时间才会出现。你的儿科医生可以从神经系统方 面对孩子的听觉进行测试。’” 12“瞧，”母亲说道，“这是不是让你感觉好多了？” 13“没好多少，”父亲说。“书里甚至都没提还有另一种可能性，那就是孩子是聋子。我 只知道我的宝贝什么也听不见。我有一种最可怕的预感。也许这是因为我的祖父就是聋子的 原因。如果我们漂亮的小宝贝真是聋子而且是我这一方的原因，我将永远无法原谅自己。” 14“嗨，等等，”妻子说。“你太多虑了。星期一我们第一件要做的事就是给儿科大夫打 电话。现在高兴点儿吧。来，抱着孩子，我把毯子弄弄好，全都拉散了。” 15父亲接过孩子，但是很快地又把她还给了妻子。整个周末他发现自己无法准备下一周的 工作。他跟着妻子在屋子里转，满脑子想的都是孩子的听觉问题以及失聪将会怎样毁了孩子 的一生。他只想到最坏的一面：没有听觉，无法学语言，他那漂亮的宝贝将与世隔绝，被困 在无声的世界中。等到了星期天晚上，他己经彻底绝望了。 16母亲在儿科医生的代接电话服务处留了言，预约星期一一大早与医生见面。周末则用来 让自己锻炼、阅读并尽力安慰丈夫。 17医生检查的结果令人安慰，但父亲的情绪依然低落。直到一周后，当孩子听到过路卡车 的巨响而第一次感到吃惊时，他这才开始情绪好转，并又感到和新生女儿在一起的乐趣了。 18(故事中的)父亲母亲有两种截然不同的看世事的方式。只要有丁点不好的事发生在父 亲身上，如银行经理的一个电话、与妻子的意见相左、甚至是老板皱了一下眉头，他都会往 最坏的方面想：破产、入狱、离婚、解雇。他很容易情绪低落：经常感到很累：身体不好。 而与他正相反，她总是从最乐观的角度来看待坏事。对她而言，这些事只不过是一时的考验 而已，会克服的。在经历挫折后，她很快就恢复过来，并又重新恢复活力。她的身体非常健 康。 19在过去的25年中，我一直在研究乐观主义者和悲观主义者这两类人。悲观主义者的典型 特征是，他们往往相信坏事会持续相当长的一段时间，会危及他们所做的每件事，并且都是 他们自己的过错。而乐观主义者在面临同样的生活不幸时，则以相反的方式看待厄运。他们 会认为失败只是暂时的挫折，它的起因也仅限于这一例。乐观主义者相信失败并不是他们的 错，而是环境、运气不佳或其他人造成了自己的失败。这些人从不为失败所困扰。面临逆境 时，他们会把它看作是考验并更加努力。 20这两种考虑问题起因的习惯会产生不同的结果。毫不夸张地说，大量的研究都表明悲观 主义者更容易放弃，更经常感到情绪低落。这些试验还显示乐观主义者无论在学校学习还是 在工作中的表现都要出色得多。他们的表现常常超出了能力测验的预测。当乐观主义者参加 竞选时，他们比悲观主义者更容易当选。他们的健康状况出奇地好。有证据显示他们可能更 长寿。 2125年的研究使我确信，如果我们像我们悲观主义者那样，习惯性地认为不幸是我们自己 的过错，会持续很长时间，而且会危及我们所做的每件事情，那么更多的不幸就会发生在我 们身上，而反之则不然。我也确信，如果我们总是为这种观点所左右，我们将会更容易消沉
3 11 母亲从书架上拿了一本书。“让我们看看这本育儿书上怎么说，”她说道。她查到“听 觉”栏，大声读道：“‘如果你的新生儿听到响声不吃惊，或者不会朝向发出声音的方向， 不必慌张。因为对声音的反应通常要过一段时间才会出现。你的儿科医生可以从神经系统方 面对孩子的听觉进行测试。’” 12 “瞧，”母亲说道，“这是不是让你感觉好多了？” 13 “没好多少，”父亲说。“书里甚至都没提还有另一种可能性，那就是孩子是聋子。我 只知道我的宝贝什么也听不见。我有一种最可怕的预感。也许这是因为我的祖父就是聋子的 原因。如果我们漂亮的小宝贝真是聋子而且是我这一方的原因，我将永远无法原谅自己。” 14 “嗨，等等，”妻子说。“你太多虑了。星期一我们第一件要做的事就是给儿科大夫打 电话。现在高兴点儿吧。来，抱着孩子，我把毯子弄弄好，全都拉散了。” 15 父亲接过孩子，但是很快地又把她还给了妻子。整个周末他发现自己无法准备下一周的 工作。他跟着妻子在屋子里转，满脑子想的都是孩子的听觉问题以及失聪将会怎样毁了孩子 的一生。他只想到最坏的一面：没有听觉，无法学语言，他那漂亮的宝贝将与世隔绝，被困 在无声的世界中。等到了星期天晚上，他已经彻底绝望了。 16 母亲在儿科医生的代接电话服务处留了言，预约星期一一大早与医生见面。周末则用来 让自己锻炼、阅读并尽力安慰丈夫。 17 医生检查的结果令人安慰，但父亲的情绪依然低落。直到一周后，当孩子听到过路卡车 的巨响而第一次感到吃惊时，他这才开始情绪好转，并又感到和新生女儿在一起的乐趣了。 18 （故事中的）父亲母亲有两种截然不同的看世事的方式。 只要有丁点不好的事发生在父 亲身上，如银行经理的一个电话、与妻子的意见相左、甚至是老板皱了一下眉头，他都会往 最坏的方面想：破产、入狱、离婚、解雇。他很容易情绪低落；经常感到很累；身体不好。 而与他正相反，她总是从最乐观的角度来看待坏事。对她而言，这些事只不过是一时的考验 而已，会克服的。在经历挫折后，她很快就恢复过来，并又重新恢复活力。她的身体非常健 康。 19 在过去的 25 年中，我一直在研究乐观主义者和悲观主义者这两类人。悲观主义者的典型 特征是，他们往往相信坏事会持续相当长的一段时间，会危及他们所做的每件事，并且都是 他们自己的过错。而乐观主义者在面临同样的生活不幸时，则以相反的方式看待厄运。他们 会认为失败只是暂时的挫折，它的起因也仅限于这一例。乐观主义者相信失败并不是他们的 错，而是环境、运气不佳或其他人造成了自己的失败。这些人从不为失败所困扰。面临逆境 时，他们会把它看作是考验并更加努力。 20 这两种考虑问题起因的习惯会产生不同的结果。毫不夸张地说，大量的研究都表明悲观 主义者更容易放弃，更经常感到情绪低落。这些试验还显示乐观主义者无论在学校学习还是 在工作中的表现都要出色得多。他们的表现常常超出了能力测验的预测。当乐观主义者参加 竞选时，他们比悲观主义者更容易当选。他们的健康状况出奇地好。有证据显示他们可能更 长寿。 21 25 年的研究使我确信，如果我们像我们悲观主义者那样，习惯性地认为不幸是我们自己 的过错，会持续很长时间，而且会危及我们所做的每件事情，那么更多的不幸就会发生在我 们身上，而反之则不然。我也确信，如果我们总是为这种观点所左右，我们将会更容易消沉
将无法取得我们本应取得的成就，并且我们将更容易生病。悲观主义者的预言会自然应验的。 课内阅读练习答案 Part One Preparation 1.Saying Things Sincerely or Sarcastically STEP ONE 1 C(Sincerely)2 A(Sarcastically)3 D(Sincerely)4 B(Sincerely) STEPTWO Sample Picture 1 It is matched with Line C,because it can be seen from the picture that the man is splashing some dirty rainwater onto the lady's dress. Line C is sincere because the man in the picture is making an apology to the lady. W:Oh,My goodness!What have you done to my new dress? M:Ah,I'm awfully sorry.I didn't mean to make such a beautiful lady angry.I should have been more careful! W:Angry?No,I'm not angry.I can just put it in the washing machine when I get home. Picture 2 It is matched with Line A,because the moon is in the sky and the man pointing at his watch tells us it is very late at night. Line A is sarcastic,for the man in the picture is obviously angry with the lady. W:I'm back,honey. M:Er,finally! W:You seem so worried.Why? M:Why should I be worried about you?It's already past midnight. W:Don't worry.I won't get lost so easily.I'm not an unsophisticated young girl. Picture 3 It is matched with Line D,for the boy pushing the bike is just back from a ride. Line D is sincere,because from their dialog we can see they are good friends and the boy must have had the owner's permission to use the bike. Boy A:Here's your bike.It's so kind of you to loan me your new bike. Boy B:You're welcome.You can use it whenever you want.Did you find it easy to ride? Boy A:Not really.Maybe I need some more practice. Picture 4 It is matched with Line B,because it can be seen from the picture that the lady is addressing an office boy who has hurt his wrist. Line B is sincerely said,for the boy still comes to work even with an injured hand. W:You're late to work.You had a doctor's appointment,didn't you? M:I'm sorry for being late.But how did you know that? Communication Problems
4 将无法取得我们本应取得的成就，并且我们将更容易生病。悲观主义者的预言会自然应验的。 课内阅读练习答案 Part One Preparation 1. Saying Things Sincerely or Sarcastically STEP ONE 1 C (Sincerely) 2 A (Sarcastically) 3 D (Sincerely) 4 B (Sincerely) STEP TWO Sample Picture 1 It is matched with Line C, because it can be seen from the picture that the man is splashing some dirty rainwater onto the lady’s dress. Line C is sincere because the man in the picture is making an apology to the lady. W: Oh, My goodness! What have you done to my new dress? M: Ah, I’m awfully sorry. I didn’t mean to make such a beautiful lady angry. I should have been more careful! W: Angry? No, I’m not angry. I can just put it in the washing machine when I get home. Picture 2 It is matched with Line A, because the moon is in the sky and the man pointing at his watch tells us it is very late at night. Line A is sarcastic, for the man in the picture is obviously angry with the lady. W: I’m back, honey. M: Er, finally! W: You seem so worried. Why? M: Why should I be worried about you? It’s already past midnight. W: Don’t worry. I won’t get lost so easily. I’m not an unsophisticated young girl. Picture 3 It is matched with Line D, for the boy pushing the bike is just back from a ride. Line D is sincere, because from their dialog we can see they are good friends and the boy must have had the owner’s permission to use the bike. Boy A: Here’s your bike. It’s so kind of you to loan me your new bike. Boy B: You’re welcome. You can use it whenever you want. Did you find it easy to ride? Boy A: Not really. Maybe I need some more practice. Picture 4 It is matched with Line B, because it can be seen from the picture that the lady is addressing an office boy who has hurt his wrist. Line B is sincerely said, for the boy still comes to work even with an injured hand. W: You’re late to work. You had a doctor’s appointment, didn’t you? M: I’m sorry for being late. But how did you know that? Communication Problems
W:I guess it's the doctor who bandaged up your hand.Are you all right? M:Today's my unlucky day!I had my hand hurt and my cell phone broken in a traffic accident. Teaching tips In order to be sarcastic,Americans adjust their vocal tone by speaking flat,lengthening their vowel sounds and perhaps creating a facial expression. Tone of voice:When communicating,the way the words are spoken may be more important than what is actually being said.The tone of voice can indicate whether a speaker is sincere or sarcastic,casual or impassioned,serious or humorous,and confident or uncertain.For instance, sarcasm occurs when the speaker pitches a stressed syllable lower than the other words in the sentence.For example,the pitch of the word "great"in sentence"Great weather,huh?"changes depending on whether you're being sincere or sarcastic. Volume and speed of voice:A loud voice or speaking quickly may be a sign of excitability or urgency.Slow or soft speech may indicate a relaxed attitude or uncertainty.To put emphasis on what is being said,speakers may also effectively slow their speech or pause,and they may raise or lower their voices. Facial expressions:Smiles,frowns and other facial expressions can be used to express our feelings.For example,both eyebrows lifted can mean surprise or excitement,whereas a single lifted eyebrow may indicate sarcasm or disbelief. 2.English-Chinese Telephone Chains Here are a few messages for your reference.You can have your own messages as well. 1.John is 17 years old,a freshman majoring in business management. 2.Forty boys and 14 girls have entered the English Speaking Contest 3.Professor Wang used to teach physical education at a university in Austria. 4.I can't stand him any longer because he tends to lose his temper easily. 5.I talked to an Italian girl in my class about her math homework on Thursday. Teaching tips Activity:English-Chinese Telephone Chains Duration:About 15 minutes Aim:Practice listening,pronunciation,and translation Introduction:This activity not only entails listening,pronunciation and translation skills,but also enables students to be aware of misunderstandings in daily communication,such as message delivering. Preparation:In this activity,the 8-10 students of each group should be seated in a line or circle for the message to pass from one to another without being heard by others in the group.And the message can be chosen either by the teacher(or made up by the first student in each group). Remember that the rest of the group should have no idea about the message in advance. Procedure:Make sure that students have a clear understanding of the goal and rules.The first student of each group will get an English message from the teacher,translate it into Chinese and whisper the Chinese version to the second student.The second student is supposed to translate it back into English and whisper it to the third student.This continues down the line until the message gets to the last student.Each student can only say "Can you please repeat that?"one time. When the message reaches the end of the chain,the student must speak out loud In a big group you can send the message two ways and find out which team comes closest to the original message.Oftentimes the message will be completely different when it reaches the end.Try to find
5 W: I guess it’s the doctor who bandaged up your hand. Are you all right? M: Today’s my unlucky day! I had my hand hurt and my cell phone broken in a traffic accident. Teaching tips In order to be sarcastic, Americans adjust their vocal tone by speaking flat, lengthening their vowel sounds and perhaps creating a facial expression. • Tone of voice: When communicating, the way the words are spoken may be more important than what is actually being said. The tone of voice can indicate whether a speaker is sincere or sarcastic, casual or impassioned, serious or humorous, and confident or uncertain. For instance, sarcasm occurs when the speaker pitches a stressed syllable lower than the other words in the sentence. For example, the pitch of the word “great” in sentence “Great weather, huh?” changes depending on whether you’re being sincere or sarcastic. • Volume and speed of voice: A loud voice or speaking quickly may be a sign of excitability or urgency. Slow or soft speech may indicate a relaxed attitude or uncertainty. To put emphasis on what is being said, speakers may also effectively slow their speech or pause, and they may raise or lower their voices. • Facial expressions: Smiles, frowns and other facial expressions can be used to express our feelings. For example, both eyebrows lifted can mean surprise or excitement, whereas a single lifted eyebrow may indicate sarcasm or disbelief. 2. English-Chinese Telephone Chains Here are a few messages for your reference. You can have your own messages as well. 1. John is 17 years old, a freshman majoring in business management. 2. Forty boys and 14 girls have entered the English Speaking Contest. 3. Professor Wang used to teach physical education at a university in Austria. 4. I can’t stand him any longer because he tends to lose his temper easily. 5. I talked to an Italian girl in my class about her math homework on Thursday. Teaching tips Activity: English-Chinese Telephone Chains Duration: About 15 minutes Aim: Practice listening, pronunciation, and translation Introduction: This activity not only entails listening, pronunciation and translation skills, but also enables students to be aware of misunderstandings in daily communication, such as message delivering. Preparation: In this activity, the 8-10 students of each group should be seated in a line or circle for the message to pass from one to another without being heard by others in the group. And the message can be chosen either by the teacher (or made up by the first student in each group). Remember that the rest of the group should have no idea about the message in advance. Procedure: Make sure that students have a clear understanding of the goal and rules. The first student of each group will get an English message from the teacher, translate it into Chinese and whisper the Chinese version to the second student. The second student is supposed to translate it back into English and whisper it to the third student. This continues down the line until the message gets to the last student. Each student can only say “Can you please repeat that?” one time. When the message reaches the end of the chain, the student must speak out loud. In a big group you can send the message two ways and find out which team comes closest to the original message. Oftentimes the message will be completely different when it reaches the end. Try to find
out where the chain broke! The point of this activity is not winning.rather,it is to see if the last student can say the message correctly.The interesting thing about this activity is that usually the last student never says the message correctly.It is also fun to hear the message all scrambled up,which naturally leads the students into cases of misunderstanding in the After-Class Reading passage. Depending on students'proficiency in English,the difficulty of this activity can be adjusted.If the teacher aims to favor the demands of students with a relatively low level of English,it is advisable to make slight alterations as follows.The class will be divided into groups of 8-10 students. The first student of each group will be given a message by the teacher.The message should be whispered from one person to the next.The last person should repeat the message aloud.The group that gets the message through with the fewest changes wins. 3.Enjoying a Joke Sample In the joke,the problem is that the boy always took what the man said literally.In fact,when the man asked"Where does this road go?",he expected that the boy would tell him that the road went or led to a certain place.But instead,the boy didn't know what the man meant or he meant to tease the man and his answer seemed irrelevant.The same thing happened with the question"How far is it to the next town?".Therefore,the reader may think the boy is stupid.But surprisingly,the boy's last remark was very clever:"I know I don't know much,and I may be a fool,but at least I'm not lost."This made the man seem stupid. Part Two Reading-Centered Activities In-Class Reading Post-Reading Reading Comprehension 1.Understanding the Organization of the Text 1)Introduction:(para.1) Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. 2)Reasons why shyness can have a negative effect:(para.2-3) People's self-concept has a profound effect on all areas of their lives People with high self-esteem usually act with confidence. People with low self-esteem are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. 3)Ways of overcoming shyness:(para.4-15) i)Recognize your personal strengths and weaknesses. ii)Set reasonable goals. iii)Don't waste time and energy on destructive feelings such as guilt and shame. iv)Don't be afraid to speak up and give your point of view v)Do not make negative comments about yourself. 6
6 out where the chain broke! The point of this activity is not winning; rather, it is to see if the last student can say the message correctly. The interesting thing about this activity is that usually the last student never says the message correctly. It is also fun to hear the message all scrambled up, which naturally leads the students into cases of misunderstanding in the After-Class Reading passage. Depending on students’ proficiency in English, the difficulty of this activity can be adjusted. If the teacher aims to favor the demands of students with a relatively low level of English, it is advisable to make slight alterations as follows. The class will be divided into groups of 8-10 students. The first student of each group will be given a message by the teacher. The message should be whispered from one person to the next. The last person should repeat the message aloud. The group that gets the message through with the fewest changes wins. 3. Enjoying a Joke Sample In the joke, the problem is that the boy always took what the man said literally. In fact, when the man asked “Where does this road go?”, he expected that the boy would tell him that the road went or led to a certain place. But instead, the boy didn’t know what the man meant or he meant to tease the man and his answer seemed irrelevant. The same thing happened with the question “How far is it to the next town?”. Therefore, the reader may think the boy is stupid. But surprisingly, the boy’s last remark was very clever: “I know I don’t know much, and I may be a fool, but at least I’m not lost.” This made the man seem stupid. Part Two Reading-Centered Activities In-Class Reading Post-Reading Reading Comprehension 1. Understanding the Organization of the Text 1) Introduction: (para.1) Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. 2) Reasons why shyness can have a negative effect: (para.2—3) People’s self-concept has a profound effect on all areas of their lives. People with high self-esteem usually act with confidence. People with low self-esteem are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. 3) Ways of overcoming shyness: (para.4—15) i) Recognize your personal strengths and weaknesses. ii) Set reasonable goals. iii) Don’t waste time and energy on destructive feelings such as guilt and shame. iv) Don’t be afraid to speak up and give your point of view. v) Do not make negative comments about yourself
vi)Accept criticism thoughtfully vii)Profit from failures and disappointments by viewing them as learning experiences. viii)Do not associate with people who make you feel inadequate ix)Set aside time to relax,enjoy hobbies,and reevaluate your goals regularly x)Practice being in social situations 4)Conclusion:(para.16) The better we understand ourselves,the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential. 2.Understanding Specific Information 1)F2)T3)T4)T5)F6)T7)F8)F 3.Group Discussion 1)I think the most effective ways of overcoming shyness are the first and seventh ways. Recognizing our personal strengths and weaknesses is useful because if we know ourselves better,we can feel more self-confident.We can be more objective,instead of being blind.The seventh way is to profit from failures and disappointments as learning experiences.If we allow ourselves to get discouraged and sad when we fail,then we will feel more unsure of ourselves.But if we think of a failure as a learning experience,we are adopting a positive attitude.By analyzing objectively why we failed and planning how to set about doing things differently we will be more likely to succeed next time. 2)Modesty is used to describe a reserved appraisal of one's merits,abilities or success.The opposite of modesty is arrogance or boastfulness.Modest people don't want to talk about their abilities or achievements.Modest people know their strengths and their worth,but choose to downplay their greatness and be humble.So modesty is the result of confidence.Shyness is used to describe the uncomfortable feeling one has in the company of others.It often implies a lack of self-confidence and a timid,reserved manner.Modesty is a good personality trait while shyness in many cases is undesirable. 3)Being shy isn't necessarily a bad thing.It is appropriate and normal to be shy in some circumstances,for example,in the presence of teachers,your boss,your parents'friends or your prospective in-laws;when you are dating someone,especially the first time;when you are with strangers;when you are in a new environment;when you're facing a large audience.In fact,it can even be helpful to be a little shy.When you're shy and keep silent,you may spend a little time observing the surroundings and people around before jumping right into the new situation. Vocabulary l.“Self”is a prefix which means“of,to or by oneself or itself” Words with the prefix "self-"that appear in the text:self-conscious,self-concept, self-assurance,self-worth,self-confidence,self-esteem,self-destructive,self-awareness, self-acceptance,self-rejection,self-confident
7 vi) Accept criticism thoughtfully. vii) Profit from failures and disappointments by viewing them as learning experiences. viii) Do not associate with people who make you feel inadequate. ix) Set aside time to relax, enjoy hobbies, and reevaluate your goals regularly. x) Practice being in social situations. 4) Conclusion: (para.16) The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential. 2. Understanding Specific Information 1) F 2) T 3) T 4) T 5) F 6) T 7) F 8) F 3. Group Discussion 1) I think the most effective ways of overcoming shyness are the first and seventh ways. Recognizing our personal strengths and weaknesses is useful because if we know ourselves better, we can feel more self-confident. We can be more objective, instead of being blind. The seventh way is to profit from failures and disappointments as learning experiences. If we allow ourselves to get discouraged and sad when we fail, then we will feel more unsure of ourselves. But if we think of a failure as a learning experience, we are adopting a positive attitude. By analyzing objectively why we failed and planning how to set about doing things differently we will be more likely to succeed next time. 2) Modesty is used to describe a reserved appraisal of one’s merits, abilities or success. The opposite of modesty is arrogance or boastfulness. Modest people don’t want to talk about their abilities or achievements. Modest people know their strengths and their worth, but choose to downplay their greatness and be humble. So modesty is the result of confidence. Shyness is used to describe the uncomfortable feeling one has in the company of others. It often implies a lack of self-confidence and a timid, reserved manner. Modesty is a good personality trait while shyness in many cases is undesirable. 3) Being shy isn’t necessarily a bad thing. It is appropriate and normal to be shy in some circumstances, for example, in the presence of teachers, your boss, your parents’ friends or your prospective in-laws; when you are dating someone, especi ally the first time; when you are with strangers; when you are in a new environment; when you’re facing a large audience. In fact, it can even be helpful to be a little shy. When you’re shy and keep silent, you may spend a little time observing the surroundings and people around before jumping right into the new situation. Vocabulary 1. “Self-” is a prefix which means “of, to or by oneself or itself” . Words with the prefix “self-” that appear in the text: self-conscious, self-concept, self-assurance, self-worth, self-confidence, self-esteem, self-destructive, self-awareness, self-acceptance, self-rejection, self-confident
1)self-conscious(worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you) 2)self-confidence (belief in one's own ability,power,judgment,etc.;confidence in oneself) 3)self-esteem(the feeling that you are someone who deserves to be liked,respected,or admired) 4)self-destructive (with thoughts or actions that are counter to one's own best interests) 5)self-worth(the value you give to your life and achievements) 6)self-concept(one's conception or general idea of one's own basic character and nature) 7)self-awareness(realistic knowledge and judgment about oneself) 8)self-assurance/self-confidence (the belief that you are able to deal with people and problems easily) 2.PartA 1)G 2)I3)A4)F5)C6)D7)J8)B9)E10)H Part B 1)profound 2)jealousy 3)overcome 4)eventually 5)compliments 6)diminish 7)reassurance 8)detrimental 9)isolated 10)accented 3.1)reflected 2)concerned/worried 3)profound effect/influence 4)viewed/regarded 5)sensitive 6)respond/react 7)eliminated 8)overcome my fear 9)concentrate on 10)made no comment Translation 1.Shyness can vary from feeling mild discomfort to high levels of anxiety that impact us in almost everything we do. 2.Despite his stubbornness,he knew in his heart that he should avoid arousing any suspicions. 3.It will be interpreted as criticism no matter what you say. 4.Let's not allow ourselves to be upset by trifles(which)we should despise and forget. 5.Too much time spent dwelling on the past can get in the way of enjoying life as it happens. 6.People who believe they can accomplish goals and solve problems are more likely to do well in school. Further Development 1.Enriching Your Word Power 1)B2)B3)A4)B5)C6)C7)C8)A9)A10)C 2.What Is Your Personality? STEP TWO The personality traits are listed below,from left to right and from top to bottom. 1)Introspective,Sensitive and Reflective You are less satisfied with yourself and your environment than are most people.You hate 8
8 1) self-conscious (worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you) 2) self-confidence (belief in one’s own ability, power, judgment, etc.; confidence in oneself) 3) self-esteem (the feeling that you are someone who deserves to be liked, respected, or admired) 4) self-destructive (with thoughts or actions that are counter to one’s own best interests) 5) self-worth (the value you give to your life and achievements) 6) self-concept (one’s conception or general idea of one’s own basic character and nature) 7) self-awareness (realistic knowledge and judgment about oneself) 8) self-assurance/self-confidence (the belief that you are able to deal with people and problems easily) 2. Part A 1) G 2) I 3) A 4) F 5) C 6) D 7) J 8) B 9) E 10) H Part B 1) profound 2) jealousy 3) overcome 4) eventually 5) compliments 6) diminish 7) reassurance 8) detrimental 9) isolated 10) accented 3. 1) reflected 2) concerned/worried 3) profound effect/influence 4) viewed/regarded 5) sensitive 6) respond/react 7) eliminated 8) overcome my fear 9) concentrate on 10) made no comment Translation 1. Shyness can vary from feeling mild discomfort to high levels of anxiety that impact us in almost everything we do. 2. Despite his stubbornness, he knew in his heart that he should avoid arousing any suspicions. 3. It will be interpreted as criticism no matter what you say. 4. Let’s not allow ourselves to be upset by trifles(which) we should despise and forget. 5. Too much time spent dwelling on the past can get in the way of enjoying life as it happens. 6. People who believe they can accomplish goals and solve problems are more likely to do well in school. Further Development 1. Enriching Your Word Power 1) B 2) B 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) C 7) C 8) A 9) A 10) C 2. What Is Your Personality? STEP TWO The personality traits are listed below, from left to right and from top to bottom. 1) Introspective, Sensitive and Reflective You are less satisfied with yourself and your environment than are most people. You hate
superficiality(表面文章，肤浅)，you'd rather be alone than have to suffer through small talk(寒 暄，闲谈).But your relationships with your friends are very strong which gives you the inner calmness and harmony that you require.You do not mind being alone for long periods of time; you rarely become bored. 2)Independent,Unconventional and Free You demand a free and unattached life for yourself that allows you to determine your own course..You have an artistic bent(倾向，才能)in your work or leisure activities.Your urge for freedom sometimes causes you to do exactly the opposite of what is expected of you. 3)Dynamic,Active and Extroverted You are quite willing to accept certain risks and to make a strong commitment in exchange for interesting and varied work.Routine,in contrast,tends to have a paralyzing effect on you. What you like most is to be able to play an active role in events.In doing so,your initiative (积极性)is highly evident. 4)Down to Earth,Well-Balanced and Harmonious You value a natural style and love that which is uncomplicated.People admire you because you have both feet planted firmly on the ground and they can depend on you.You give those who are close to you security and space.You are perceived as being warm and human.You reject everything that is showy(过分装饰的)or trite(老-套的)，.You don't like fashionable clothing.For you,clothing has to be practical and pleasantly elegant. 5)Professional,Pragmatic and Self-Assured You take charge of your life,and place less faith in your luck and more in your own deeds. You solve problems in a practical,uncomplicated manner.You take a realistic view of the things in your daily life and deal with them without hesitation.You are given a great deal of responsibility at work,because people know that you can be depended upon. Your remarkable strength of will projects()your self-assurance to others.You are never fully satisfied until you have accomplished your ideas. 6)Peaceful,Discreet(谨慎的)and Non-Aggressive You are easy-going yet discreet.You make friends effortlessly,yet enjoy your privacy and independence.You like to get away from it all and be alone from time to time to reflect the meaning of life and enjoy yourself.You need space,so you escape to beautiful hideaways,but you are not a loner.You are at peace with yourself and the world,and you appreciate life and what this world has to offer. 7)Carefree,Playful and Cheerful You love a free and spontaneous life.And you attempt to enjoy it to the fullest,in accordance with the motto(座右铭)：You only live once..” You are very curious and open about everything new,you thrive on (.change Nothing is worse than when you feel tied down(牵制，束缚).You are always ready for a surprise. 8)Romantic,Dreamy and Emotional You are a very sensitive person..You refuse to view things only from a sober(审慎的)， rational standpoint.What your feelings tell you is just as important to you.In fact,you 9
9 superficiality (表面文章，肤浅); you’d rather be alone than have to suffer through small talk (寒 暄，闲谈). But your relationships with your friends are very strong, which gives you the inner calmness and harmony that you require. You do not mind being alone for long periods of time; you rarely become bored. 2) Independent, Unconventional and Free You demand a free and unattached life for yourself that allows you to determine your own course. You have an artistic bent (倾向，才能) in your work or leisure activities. Your urge for freedom sometimes causes you to do exactly the opposite of what is expected of you. 3) Dynamic, Active and Extroverted You are quite willing to accept certain risks and to make a strong commitment in exchange for interesting and varied work. Routine, in contrast, tends to have a paralyzing effect on you. What you like most is to be able to play an active role in events. In doing so, your initiative (积极性) is highly evident. 4) Down to Earth, Well-Balanced and Harmonious You value a natural style and love that which is uncomplicated. People admire you because you have both feet planted firmly on the ground and they can depend on you. You give those who are close to you security and space. You are perceived as being warm and human. You reject everything that is showy (过分装饰的) or trite (老一套的). You don’t like fashionable clothing. For you, clothing has to be practical and pleasantly elegant. 5) Professional, Pragmatic and Self-Assured You take charge of your life, and place less faith in your luck and more in your own deeds. You solve problems in a practical, uncomplicated manner. You take a realistic view of the things in your daily life and deal with them without hesitation. You are given a great deal of responsibility at work, because people know that you can be depended upon. Your remarkable strength of will projects (投射) your self-assurance to others. You are never fully satisfied until you have accomplished your ideas. 6) Peaceful, Discreet (谨慎的) and Non-Aggressive You are easy-going yet discreet. You make friends effortlessly, yet enjoy your privacy and independence. You like to get away from it all and be alone from time to time to reflect the meaning of life and enjoy yourself. You need space, so you escape to beautiful hideaways, but you are not a loner. You are at peace with yourself and the world, and you appreciate life and what this world has to offer. 7) Carefree, Playful and Cheerful You love a free and spontaneous life. And you attempt to enjoy it to the fullest, in accordance with the motto (座右铭): “You only live once.” You are very curious and open about everything new; you thrive on (以……为乐) change. Nothing is worse than when you feel tied down (牵制，束缚). You are always ready for a surprise. 8) Romantic, Dreamy and Emotional You are a very sensitive person. You refuse to view things only from a sober (审慎的), rational (理性的) standpoint. What your feelings tell you is just as important to you. In fact, you
feel it is important to have dreams in life,too. You reject people who scorn(蔑视)romanticism and are guided only by rationality(理性). You refuse to let anything limit the rich variety of your moods and emotions. 9)Analytical,Trustworthy and Self-Assured You are sensitive.You like to surround yourself with little "gems,"which you discover wherever they are overlooked by others.Thus,culture plays a special role in your life.You have found your own personal style,which is elegant and exclusive,free from the influence of fashion.Your ideal,upon which you base your life,is cultured pleasure.You value a certain level of culture on the part of the people with whom you associate. STEP Three Sample:I chose Shape 7,which is very appealing to me.The personality traits described match me exactly.I think I am carefree,playful and cheerful.I love a free and spontaneous life.For example,I enjoy my college life very much,because I don't want my parents to tell me what to do and what not to do.I want to lead my own life,to be my own boss.But there is one thing which doesn't fit me;that is,I am not very curious.For example,I am not interested in knowing what's happening around me.I am not crazy about trying new food.I am not curious about the affairs of other people.I am a bit self-centered.I hope to be the center of attention.I am also a bit bossy, hoping that others will do what I tell them.I am also very outspoken,but I do not get annoyed if my suggestions are not accepted. 3.Pen Pal Time Sample Dear Host or Hostess, I'm a freshman from Northeast University,majoring in Electrical Engineering I'm writing in the hope that I can make some new friends. On the whole,I'm a lively,active and helpful girl,who enjoys staying with friends.I also have a sensitive and emotional soul.I value friendship more than anything else.In my free time I enjoy listening to music,such as classic,pop,or light music.My favorite group is"Back Street Boys". My Motto is"I believe I can fly".But I don't like sports,so those who enjoy watching games and talking about sports,do not write to me.Otherwise,they will be disappointed. Anyone who is of a similar age and wants a friend to talk to or write to,please e-mail: lanyue1222@sohu.com.Write to me and you will receive my reply immediately,especially if you write in English. Yours, Zhang Yan 4.Your Show Time A sample for“selfishness”: S:Hi,Mr.Li.Do you have a few minutes? A:Yes,sure.Anything wrong?You don't look very well. S:I don't know how to start.It's about my personality,you know. A:Yes? 10
10 feel it is important to have dreams in life, too. You reject people who scorn (蔑视) romanticism and are guided only by rationality (理性). You refuse to let anything limit the rich variety of your moods and emotions. 9) Analytical, Trustworthy and Self-Assured You are sensitive. You like to surround yourself with little “gems,” which you discover wherever they are overlooked by others. Thus, culture plays a special role in your life. You have found your own personal style, which is elegant and exclusive, free from the influence of fashion. Your ideal, upon which you base your life, is cultured pleasure. You value a certain level of culture on the part of the people with whom you associate. STEP Three Sample: I chose Shape 7, which is very appealing to me. The personality traits described match me exactly. I think I am carefree, playful and cheerful. I love a free and spontaneous life. For example, I enjoy my college life very much, because I don’t want my parents to tell me what to do and what not to do. I want to lead my own life, to be my own boss. But there is one thing which doesn’t fit me; that is, I am not very curious. For example, I am not interested in knowing what’s happening around me. I am not crazy about trying new food. I am not curious about the affairs of other people. I am a bit self-centered. I hope to be the center of attention. I am also a bit bossy, hoping that others will do what I tell them. I am also very outspoken, but I do not get annoyed if my suggestions are not accepted. 3. Pen Pal Time Sample Dear Host or Hostess, I’m a freshman from Northeast University, majoring in Electrical Engineering. I’m writing in the hope that I can make some new friends. On the whole, I’m a lively, active and helpful girl, who enjoys staying with friends. I also have a sensitive and emotional soul. I value friendship more than anything else. In my free time I enjoy listening to music, such as classic, pop, or light music. My favorite group is “Back Street Boys”. My Motto is “I believe I can fly”. But I don’t like sports, so those who enjoy watching games and talking about sports, do not write to me. Otherwise, they will be disappointed. Anyone who is of a similar age and wants a friend to talk to or write to, please e-mail: lanyue1222@sohu.com. Write to me and you will receive my reply immediately, especially if you write in English. Yours, Zhang Yan 4. Your Show Time A sample for “selfishness”: S: Hi, Mr. Li. Do you have a few minutes? A: Yes, sure. Anything wrong? You don’t look very well. S: I don’t know how to start. It’s about my personality, you know. A: Yes?
