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《新编大学英语》综合教程(第三版第三册)B3U7_B3 U7 Self-market_Writing Material_写作中易犯的语法错误

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写作中易犯的语法错误 一、suchas与for example的混用 我们知道,在表示举例子的时候,suchas与Iike是完全等同的,如:Wild flowers such as/ike orchids and primroses are becoming rare. 但是同学们对于Such as、for example的把握还是不够准确。我们都知道,后者接句子前者 接词语表示举例子。于是就有了下面的写法: There is a similar word in many languages,such as in French and Italian. 这里的such as改为for example为好,因为"in French and Italian"其实是“there is a similar word in French and Italian"的简化,所以要用for example来引出例证。再来看几个类似的例子: It is possible to combine computer science with other subjects,for example physics. 二、assume及claim使用不够准确 我们知道,think,assume,claim是议论文中常用引出观点的动词。在实际作文中,同学 们往往认为几个词的意思是一样的,完全可以代换,所以拿过来就用。甚至还有同学把 consider也拿过来与之混用。我们首先还是从定义来看这几个词的不同: Think:to have opinion or belief about sthe 翻译为“认为”,通常接宾语从句来表达比较确定的观点。 Assume:to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it 翻译为“假设、假定”,是否有事实依据是不确定的。 Claim:to saysth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it. 翻译为“声称”,用这个词往往意味着不赞同紧跟其后的观点,所以很少用作I claim that Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer,but in fact,... 所以''It is claimed that'通常翻译为“有报道称。。”。和it is reported that'的区别在于后者翻译 为“据报道”,往往代表着作者赞同报告的内容, Consider:to think about sth carefully,especially in order to make a decision 翻译为“考虑”,一般不用作引出观点,看个例子: We are considering buying a new car. 所以,千万不要在雅思大作文的第一段(观点表达段)就因为用词把握不准而导致对整篇文章 的低分印象。 三、介词使用错误 1、普通介词的误用 一般表现为固定搭配错误,如常把provide sb with sth用成provide sb sth;be satisfied with用 成be satisfied for等等,虽然这样的错误看似无伤大雅,但在考官眼里就是影响顺畅阅读的, 当然会影响最终成绩。解决的办法简单而古老:把常见的固定搭配牢记于心,问题自然就 解决了。 2、“to”作为介词的误用 “to”最常见的用法是以动词不定式符号的形式出现的,所以同学们也己经习惯了“t0do”的固 定搭配。对于一些如walk to me,to the left等介词to表方向等常见用法一般也不会出现错

写作中易犯的语法错误 一、such as 与 for example 的混用 我们知道,在表示举例子的时候,such as 与 like 是完全等同的,如:Wild flowers such as/like orchids and primroses are becoming rare。 但是同学们对于 Such as、for example 的把握还是不够准确。我们都知道,后者接句子前者 接词语表示举例子。于是就有了下面的写法: There is a similar word in many languages, such as in French and Italian。 这里的 such as 改为 for example 为好,因为“in French and Italian”其实是“there is a similar word in French and Italian”的简化,所以要用 for example 来引出例证。再来看几个类似的例子: It is possible to combine computer science with other subjects, for example physics。 二、assume 及 claim 使用不够准确 我们知道, think,assume,claim 是议论文中常用引出观点的动词。在实际作文中,同学 们往往认为几个词的意思是一样的,完全可以代换,所以拿过来就用。甚至还有同学把 consider 也拿过来与之混用。我们首先还是从定义来看这几个词的不同: Think: to have opinion or belief about sth。 翻译为“认为”,通常接宾语从句来表达比较确定的观点。 Assume: to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it。 翻译为“假设、假定”,是否有事实依据是不确定的。 Claim: to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it。 翻译为“声称”,用这个词往往意味着不赞同紧跟其后的观点,所以很少用作‘I claim that… Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer, but in fact, …。 所以‘It is claimed that’通常翻译为“有报道称。。。”。和‘it is reported that ’的区别在于后者翻译 为“据报道”,往往代表着作者赞同报告的内容, Consider: to think about sth carefully, especially in order to make a decision 翻译为“考虑”,一般不用作引出观点,看个例子: We are considering buying a new car。 所以,千万不要在雅思大作文的第一段(观点表达段)就因为用词把握不准而导致对整篇文章 的低分印象。 三、介词使用错误 1、普通介词的误用 一般表现为固定搭配错误,如常把 provide sb with sth 用成 provide sb sth; be satisfied with 用 成 be satisfied for 等等,虽然这样的错误看似无伤大雅,但在考官眼里就是影响顺畅阅读的, 当然会影响最终成绩。解决的办法简单而古老:把常见的固定搭配牢记于心,问题 自然就 解决了。 2、 “to”作为介词的误用 “to”最常见的用法是以动词不定式符号的形式出现的,所以同学们也已经习惯了“to do”的固 定搭配。对于一些如 walk to me, to the left 等介词 to 表方向等常见用法一般也不会出现错

误。但是对于与动词搭配的介词to就会经常犯错: 如: More and more students have taken to depend on their parents to make decision for them 这里的take to'means 'to begin to do sth as a habit'其中to'为介词,所以后面只能接名词或相 当于名词的词,如动名词。所以句中depend on应改为"de pending on'"。“take to'"的另一个 常用用法也需要牢记: He hasn't taken to his new school.(take to'means'to start liking sb or sth') Prefer Ato B中的“to"也是介词,会有prefer doing sth to doing sth/prefer sth to sth else,另外, "“prefer to do sthrather than do sth"中的"to"可是真正的不定式符号。 类似的常用用法请同学们牢记: Be used to doing Adapt to doing Adjust to doing prefer doing sth.to doing stho Be accustomed to doing See to doing 等等,请注意平时仔细积累

误。但是对于与动词搭配的介词 to 就会经常犯错: 如: More and more students have taken to depend on their parents to make decision for them。 这里的‘take to’ means ‘to begin to do sth as a habit’其中‘to’为介词,所以后面只能接名词或相 当于名词的词,如动名词。所以句中 depend on 应改为“depending on”。“take to”的另一个 常用用法也需要牢记: He hasn’t taken to his new school. (这里‘take to’ means ‘to start liking sb or sth’) Prefer A to B 中的“to”也是介词,会有prefer doing sth to doing sth/ prefer sth to sth else,另外, “prefer to do sth rather than do sth”中的“to”可是真正的不定式符号。 类似的常用用法请同学们牢记: Be used to doing Adapt to doing Adjust to doing prefer doing sth. to doing sth。 Be accustomed to doing See to doing 等等,请注意平时仔细积累

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