Unit six TextA Do Animals have a culture?
Unit Six Text A Do Animals Have a Culture?
Using tool
Using tool
Unit six Text A I Pre-Reading Task 1. What makes human beings different from animals? A. The ability to use tools B The learning and sharing of behavior C The use of language 2. Do you think animals have a culture? If yes, give an example Now read the passage and compare your answers with the author’s
Unit Six Text A I. Pre-Reading Task 1. What makes human beings different from animals? A. The ability to use tools. B. The learning and sharing of behavior. C. The use of language. 2. Do you think animals have a culture? If yes, give an example. Now read the passage and compare your answers with the author’s
IL Related Information (1: Chimpanzee: an anthropoid ape of Africa, with black hair and large, outstanding ears, it is smaller and less fierce than a gorilla. Chimpanzees communicate through vocalizations, facial expressions, posture touch, and movement. A young chimp is able to make at least 32 different sounds, and the facial musculature can express a wide range of emotions. The animals show great intelligence in problem solving and the use of simple tools, such as a stripped twig to draw termites from their nest Experiments suggest that chimps can even learn to use language in a symbolic sense, but these results are disputed
II. Related Information(1): Chimpanzee: an anthropoid ape of Africa, with black hair and large , outstanding ears, it is smaller and less fierce than a gorilla. Chimpanzees communicate through vocalizations, facial expressions, posture, touch, and movement. A young chimp is able to make at least 32 different sounds, and the facial musculature can express a wide range of emotions. The animals show great intelligence in problem solving and the use of simple tools, such as a stripped twig to draw termites from their nest . Experiments suggest that chimps can even learn to use language in a symbolic sense, but these results are disputed
II. Related Information (2): Apes: the closest living relatives of humans. Together with humans they constitute the superfamily hominoid of the mammalian order primates. The two extent families of apes are the pongidae( great apes)and the hylobatidae (lesser apes). Apes and humans are classified together because they are more similar to each other anatomically, physiologically, and genetically than they are to the monkeys. Great apes are about equally good at solving laboratory problems; gibbons are less successful. Captive great apes are all handy with objects, but in the wild only chimpanzees are clever tool users. Great apes have learned to communicate with human trainers using symbolic systems. Captive hobnobs have a remarka ble capacity to understand human speech, but thus far no apes have talked back perhaps because they lack humanoid brains or vocal tracts
II. Related Information(2): Apes: the closest living relatives of humans. Together with humans they constitute the superfamily hominoid of the mammalian order primates. The two extent families of apes are the Pongidae ( great apes) and the Hylobatidae (lesser apes). Apes and humans are classified together because they are more similar to each other anatomically, physiologically, and genetically than they are to the monkeys. Great apes are about equally good at solving laboratory problems;gibbons are less successful. Captive great apes are all handy with objects, but in the wild only chimpanzees are clever tool users. Great apes have learned to communicate with human trainers using symbolic systems. Captive hobnobs have a remarkable capacity to understand human speech , but thus far no apes have talked back __ perhaps because they lack humanoid brains or vocal tracts
II. Detailed Study 1. defense(美) defence(英) n.①保卫,防卫,维护 e.g: He spoke In defense of the governments record 他发言维护政府的政绩。 ②防御的手段,防御物 e.g: Good strong locks are the best defense against burglars 坚固的锁是防盜贼的最好防御物 ③辩护,辩词,答辩 e.g: She said, in her defense, that she had not seen the No parking sign 她为自己辩护说,她没有看见“不准停车”的标志 常用短语】 in defense of sth.orsb.为某事或某人辩护 defend against/ from sb./sib.防御某人或某物
III. Detailed Study : 1．defense（美 ）defence (英) n. ①保卫，防卫，维护 e.g: He spoke In defense of the governments record． 他发言维护政府的政绩。 ②防御的手段，防御物 e.g: Good strong locks are the best defense against burglars． 坚固的锁是防盗贼的最好防御物。 ③辩护，辩词，答辩 e.g: She said，in her defense，that she had not seen the“No parking”sign． 她为自己辩护说，她没有看见“不准停车”的标志。 【常用短语】in defense of sth．or sb．为某事或某人辩护； defend against／from sb. ／sib．防御某人或某物
2. cooperate 作,协作 e.g: They 1l get the Job finished much more quickly if they all cooperate 如果他们都合作,他们会更快完成这项工 e.g: The British cooperated with the French In designing the satell 英法两国合作设计人造卫星。 【常用短语】 cooperate with sb.和某人合作:/ cooperate to do sth.合作干某事 3.attempt 努力,尝试,企图 e.g: The government announced big tax cuts in an attempt to regain its lost popularity 政府宣布大幅度减税,企图以此恢复失去的声望 试图,尝试,企图 e.g: The second question was so difficult I didnt even attempt it. 第二道题太难了,我连碰都不敢碰 【常用短语】 attempt to do sth.试图干某事 make an attempt to do sth.企图做某 事
2．cooperate v．合作，协作 e.g: They’11 get the Job finished much more quickly if they all cooperate． 如果他们都合作，他们会更快完成这项工作。 e.g: The British cooperated with the French In designing the satellite． 英法两国合作设计人造卫星。 【常用短语】cooperate with sb．和某人合作；cooperate to do sth．合作干某事 3．attempt n．努力，尝试，企图 e.g: The government announced big tax cuts in an attempt to regain its lost popularity． 政府宣布大幅度减税，企图以此恢复失去的声望。 v．试图，尝试，企图 e.g: The second question was so difficult I didn’t even attempt it． 第二道题太难了，我连碰都不敢碰。 【常用短语】attempt to do sth．试图干某事make an attempt to do sth．企图做某 事
4. command ①命令 e.g: Fire when I give the command.我一下命令就开火 ②指挥权,控制 e.g: The army is under the king,s direct command军队由国王直接统帅 ③掌握,运用能力,控制力 eg; He has a good command of french.他法文很好。 ①命令 e. g: He commanded that we(should)attack at once 他命令我们立即发起进攻。 ②指挥、管辖,统率 eg; General Smith commands the army.史密斯将军统率这只部队 ③对.有支配权,拥有,掌握 eg: The company commands considerable resources.这家公司拥有相当可观的 财力 【常用短语】] take command of统帅,控制
4. command n．①命令 e.g: Fire when I give the command．我一下命令就开火。 ②指挥权，控制 e.g: The army is under the king’s direct command．军队由国王直接统帅。 ③掌握，运用能力，控制力 e.g: He has a good command of French．他法文很好。 v．①命令 e.g: He commanded that we（should）attack at once． 他命令我们立即发起进攻。 ②指挥、管辖，统率 e.g: General Smith commands the army. 史密斯将军统率这只部队。 ③对…有支配权，拥有，掌握 e.g: The company commands considerable resources．这家公司拥有相当可观的 财力。 【常用短语】］take command of 统帅，控制
economics n 包经济学 e.g: She' s studying economics at college.她在大学学习经济学。 ②经济情况,经济意义 e.g!The economics of plan need to be looked at very carefully. ixI 计划的经济意义还需要认真考虑 【常用短语】 political economics政治经济学 6. rid v 使摆脱掉,使去掉 e.g: One day we will manage to rid the world of this terrible disease 总有一天我们有办法使这种可怕的疾病在世界上绝迹。 You must rid yourself of these old ideas 你必须摒弃这些过了时的陈旧观念 【常用短语】 get rid of摆脱,丢掉,除去,消灭
5. economics n ．①经济学 e.g: She’s studying economics at college．她在大学学习经济学。 ②经济情况，经济意义 e.g: The economics of plan need to be looked at very carefully．这项 计划的经济意义还需要认真考虑。 【常用短语】political economics政治经济学 6．rid v． 使摆脱掉，使去掉 e.g: One day we will manage to rid the world of this terrible disease． 总有一天我们有办法使这种可怕的疾病在世界上绝迹。 You must rid yourself of these old ideas. 你必须摒弃这些过了时的陈旧观念。 【常用短语】get rid of 摆脱，丢掉，除去，消灭
7. make up for补偿,弥礼 e. g: We must make up for the lost time They demanded a raise in their salaries to make up for the increased cost of living 8 get rid of除去 同义词组: remove.fom; throw.away e.g: We used weed killer to get rid of the weeds in the garden
7. make up for 补偿，弥补 e.g: We must make up for the lost time. They demanded a raise in their salaries to make up for the increased cost of living. 8. get rid of 除去 同义词组: remove…from; throw…away e.g: We used weed killer to get rid of the weeds in the garden