Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning 中国水环境污染经济损失核算体 系的建立 Valuation System of the Economic Cost by Water pollution in China 於方 中国环境规划院 200406.25
中国水环境污染经济损失核算体 系的建立 Valuation System of the Economic Cost by Water Pollution in China 於方 中国环境规划院 2004.06.25 Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning
内容摘要 Outline 引言/ Foreword 水环境污染损失的核算范围与方法 Valuation contents and approaches of water pollution cost ■水污染经济损失计算模型 Valuation model of water pollution cost 中国环境规划院 Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning June.25.2004
中国环境规划院 Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning June.25, 2004 2 内容摘要/Outline ◼ 引言/Foreword ◼ 水环境污染损失的核算范围与方法 Valuation contents and approaches of water pollution cost ◼ 水污染经济损失计算模型 Valuation model of water pollution cost
1、引言/ Foreword ■水环境污染经济损失的定义:水环境污染经济 损失是指由于水环境质量下降,影响水服务功 能发挥作用,进而导致的经济损失。水环境污 染经济损失是污染损失计算的重要组成部分。 Definition: Water pollution cost is the economic loss on daily life and production caused by water quality decline that will further affect the functions of water resource as production and household input and ecological element 中国环境规划院 Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning June.25.2004
中国环境规划院 Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning June.25, 2004 3 1、引言/Foreword ◼ 水环境污染经济损失的定义：水环境污染经济 损失是指由于水环境质量下降，影响水服务功 能发挥作用，进而导致的经济损失。水环境污 染经济损失是污染损失计算的重要组成部分。 ◼ Definition: Water pollution cost is the economic loss on daily life and production caused by water quality decline that will further affect the functions of water resource as production and household input and ecological element
1、引言/ Foreword 水环境污染趋势:据相关研究,我国水污染造成的经 济损失占总污染损失的比例有逐年上升的趋势 Water pollution trend: The percentage of water pollution cost to total cost is growing. 污染损失估算研究现状:计算结果差别较大,科学性 难以令人满意,实用性较差 Current Research situation: The results differ a lot. The scientific basis behind them is unsatisfactory and their applicability is still in doubt 计算方法不规范/ No standard estimation approach ◆剂量反应关系不完善/ o applicable dose-response functions ◆计算参数欠标准化/ No unified technicalparameters 概念模糊不清/ Basic valuation conceptionis not clear 中国环境规划院 Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning June.25,2004
中国环境规划院 Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning June.25, 2004 4 1、引言/Foreword ◼ 水环境污染趋势：据相关研究，我国水污染造成的经 济损失占总污染损失的比例有逐年上升的趋势。 ◼ Water pollution trend:The percentage of water pollution cost to total cost is growing. ◼ 污染损失估算研究现状：计算结果差别较大，科学性 难以令人满意，实用性较差 ◼ Current Research situation: The results differ a lot. The scientific basis behind them is unsatisfactory and their applicability is still in doubt. ◆ 计算方法不规范/No standard estimation approach ◆ 剂量反应关系不完善/No applicabledose-response functions ◆ 计算参数欠标准化/ No unified technical parameters ◆ 概念模糊不清/Basic valuation conception is not clear
1、引言/ Foreword 水环境污染损失估算的难点 Estimation difficulties ◆迄今为止,环境污染损失估算的研究工作大都集中于 大气污染损失,而对于水污染的研究较少; Until now, more focuses are put on cost by air pollution than that by water pollution ◆相关数据信息较难获得,缺乏科学的剂量一反应关系; e The relevant data is unavailable and the essential dose response relationships are also in scarcity 中国环境规划院 Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning June.25,2004
中国环境规划院 Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning June.25, 2004 5 1、引言/Foreword ◼ 水环境污染损失估算的难点 ◼ Estimation difficulties ◆ 迄今为止，环境污染损失估算的研究工作大都集中于 大气污染损失，而对于水污染的研究较少； ◆ Until now, more focuses are put on cost by air pollution than that by water pollution; ◆ 相关数据信息较难获得，缺乏科学的剂量－反应关系； ◆ The relevant data is unavailable and the essential doseresponse relationships are also in scarcity
1、引言/ Foreword ◆由于水环境与人类社会活动之间的影响关系错综复 杂,其间有许多难以确定的因素,它的定量计算存 在较大难度 Since the relationship between water environment and human activities is so complicated that there exist many uncertainties, the difficulties in valuation are rather considerable 中国环境规划院 Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning June.25,2004
中国环境规划院 Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning June.25, 2004 6 1、引言/Foreword ◆ 由于水环境与人类社会活动之间的影响关系错综复 杂，其间有许多难以确定的因素，它的定量计算存 在较大难度 ◆ Since the relationship between water environment and human activities is so complicated that there exist many uncertainties, the difficulties in valuation are rather considerable
2、水环境污染损失的核算范围与方法 Valuation contents and approaches ■2.1核算范围/ aluation contents 表1水污染经济损失核算内容矩阵 Table 1 Accounting matrix for water pollution e conomic cost 危害人体健|种植业牧业|渔业土地材料工业生活景观 水环境问题 康(1)(2)(3)(4(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) 次用水污染(A) A3* AB4* 水环境污染(B) B7 B9 B5 B78 污染型缺水(C) C2* c8 水污染事故(D) DI D2 D3D4 D D6 D7 D8 D9 注:*为本次核算不包括的内容。 中国环境规划院 Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning June.25,2004
中国环境规划院 Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning June.25, 2004 7 2、水环境污染损失的核算范围与方法 Valuation contents and approaches ◼ 2.1 核算范围/ Valuation contents 表 1 水污染经济损失核算内容矩阵 Table 1 Accounting matrix for water pollution economic cost 危害 水环境问题 人体健 康(1) 种植业 (2) 牧业 (3) 渔业 (4) 土地 (5) 材料 (6) 工业 (7) 生活 (8) 景观 （9） 饮用水污染(A) A1 A3* B7 B8 B9 水环境污染(B) B2 AB4* B5* B6* B78 污染型缺水(C) C2* C7 C8 C9 水污染事故(D) D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 注：*为本次核算不包括的内容。
2、水环境污染损失的核算范围与方法 Valuation contents and approaches ◆说明:1)没有建立起合理的评价水生态 环境危害的计算方法;2)由于缺乏农村 地区数据的支持,表1中第8项污染终 端—生活,实际上仅指对城市居民生 活的危害。 实际估算范围为水污染对工业、农业、旅游业和城市居民生活造 成的损失/ The practical valuation contents will involve economic costs on industries, agriculture, tourism and daily life within urban area from water pollution 中国环境规划院 Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning June.25,2004
中国环境规划院 Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning June.25, 2004 8 2、水环境污染损失的核算范围与方法 Valuation contents and approaches ◆ 说明：1)没有建立起合理的评价水生态 环境危害的计算方法；2)由于缺乏农村 地区数据的支持，表1中第8项污染终 端——生活，实际上仅指对城市居民生 活的危害。 实际估算范围为水污染对工业、农业、旅游业和城市居民生活造 成的损失/The practical valuation contents will involve economic costs on industries, agriculture, tourism and daily life within urban area from water pollution
2、水环境污染损失的核算范围与方法 Valuation contents and approaches 22水环境污染损失的分类 a 2.2 Classification of water pollution costs ◆1)已确认的可测算经济损失:健康、农业 +1) Identified and measurable costs: health threats, crops reduction ◆2)已确认但目前不可测算经济损失 2) Identified and unmeasurable costs 不可测算的原因/ reasons for unmeasurablities 缺乏数据/ no data 缺乏剂量一反应关系/ no dose-response functions 中国环境规划院 Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning June.25,2004
中国环境规划院 Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning June.25, 2004 9 2、水环境污染损失的核算范围与方法 Valuation contents and approaches ◼ 2.2 水环境污染损失的分类 ◼ 2.2 Classification of water pollution costs ◆ 1）已确认的可测算经济损失:健康、农业 ◆ 1）Identified and measurable costs: health threats, crops reduction ◆ 2）已确认但目前不可测算经济损失 ◆ 2）Identified and unmeasurable costs ⧫ 不可测算的原因/reasons for unmeasurablities • 缺乏数据/no data • 缺乏剂量－反应关系/no dose-response functions
2、水环境污染损失的核算范围与方法 Valuation contents and approaches ◆2)已确认但目前不可测算经济损失 + 2) Identified and unmeasurable costs ◆尚不可测算的终端危害 o unmeasurable ena damages 污染型缺水造成的农业减产损失(C2):Cr∽opSs reduction from water shortage due to water pollution-缺乏数据/ o data 渔业、畜牧业损失(A3,AB4): costs on fishery and livestock husbandry from water pollution-缺乏剂 量反应关系/ o dose- response relationship 中国环境规划院 Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning June.25.2004
中国环境规划院 Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning June.25, 2004 10 2、水环境污染损失的核算范围与方法 Valuation contents and approaches ◆ 2）已确认但目前不可测算经济损失 ◆ 2） Identified and unmeasurable costs ⧫ 尚不可测算的终端危害 ⧫ unmeasurable end damages • 污染型缺水造成的农业减产损失(C2)：Crops reduction from water shortage due to water pollution —缺乏数据/no data • 渔业、畜牧业损失(A3, AB4)：costs on fishery and livestock husbandry from water pollution —缺乏剂 量反应关系/no dose-response relationship