延安大学：《翻译理论与实践》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿，英译汉）Translation：Theory and Practice 第八章 Positive vs. Negative Expressions（Affirmation vs. Negation）

延安大学：《翻译理论与实践》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿，英译汉）Translation：Theory and Practice 第四章 A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese

• literal translation, • free translation, • transliteration • the synthesis of literal translation and free translation • and so on

• Ⅰ. About the definition • 1) translating • 2) a translation • 3) translation

延安大学：《翻译理论与实践》课程教学资源（试卷习题）习题练习及参考译文（英译汉）

• Ⅰ. Reasons • Ⅱ.English passive: • Syntactic passive(结构被动) • Notional passive (意义被动) • E.g. • 1）She dressed beautifully. • (She is dressed beautifully.) • 2 ）These products sell like hot cakes. (These products are sold like hot cakes. ) • Ⅲ. Chinese passive • Marked passive • Unmarked passive • Ⅳ. E-C Translation • 1. E:译为C的主动句或Unmarked passive • 2. E: 译为C的Marked passive • 3. E: 译为C的被动句的转化形式（Chinese passive may be expressed by other structure）

• Ⅴ.Tentative syllabus • Chapter 1 An Introduction to Translation • Chapter 2 The Process of Translation • Chapter 3 The Methods of Translation • Chapter 4 A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese • Chapter 5 Transformation between Parts of Speech in English-Chinese Translation • Chapter 6 Translation of English passive into Chinese • Chapter 7 Amplification vs. Omission • Chapter 8 Positive vs. Negative Expressions(Affirmation vs. Negation) • Chapter 9 Breaking and Combining Sentences • Chapter 10 Abstract vs. Concrete • Chapter 11 Styles vs. Translation

• Ⅰ. Nida’s analysis of the process of translation • (1) analysis of the source text • (2) transfer from the source to the target language • (3) restructuring in the target language • (4) testing of the translated text with persons who represent the intended（future） audience

• Ⅰ. Amplification in English-Chinese translation • Amplification means to add necessary words, phrases, clauses or sentences to the translated text in purpose of making it consistent with the target language in meaning, grammar and culture connotation. Amplification does not add new information to the message and only help understand the text. In this part we will analyze how to use amplification to achieve equivalence in English-Chinese translation in these three levels, i.e. syntactic, semantic, and rhetorical. • 1) Her tone was more friendly than David’s (tone). • 2) She sang her sweetest (song). • 3) Shall I write my name on, above or below the line?

• This chapter is chiefly concerned with the transformation rules between various parts of speech in English-Chinese translation, including the transformation of nouns, verbs, prepositions, adjectives, adverbs in English