1. Establish a normal tree. tree branches--Us, C(, R) cot ree(chords)-i,,(, R) 2. Assign voltage and current variables. Assign a voltage (with polarity reference) to every capacitor and a current(with arrow) to every inductor; there are the state variables. Indicate the voltage across every tree branch and the current through every link in terms of the source voltages, source currents,and the state
The effective value of any periodic current is equal to the value of the direct current which flowing through a resistance R, delivers the same power to r as periodic current does