一、选择填空(每空2分,共20分) 1、在我国“教学”一词最早的含义是 ①学习 ②教授 ③教学生学 ④教师的教与学生的学

针对分科课程不能反映人的经验的统一性的 弊端,主张将若干有关学科合并起来编订课程的 课程理论。编制原则:

The educator’s job is not increase motivation per se(本身）but to discover, initiate, and sustain student’s motivation to learn, and to engage in activities that lead to learning

3.1 A brief history of western E.P. The foundation of E.P.: before 1920s Wundt,1879: methodology James, “Talks to the teachers” 1899; “The principles of psychology”1890; Dewey: apply psychology to education

2.1.Whatis development? Development refers to the ways people grow,adapt, and change during their lifetimes. physical development, personality development,socioemotional development, cognitive development(thinking), and languagedevelopment

4.2.1 Ivan Petrovich Pavlov:Sep.14, 1849 – Feb.27, 1936 ＊Place of birth: Ryazan (Russia) ＊ Education: Studied medicine at St. Petersburg (Russia)

“If I had to reduce all educational psychology just one principle, I would say this: The most important single factor influencing learning is what the learner already knows. Ascertain this and teach him accordingly

5.1 About GestaltPsychology The founder ofGestalt psychology: Max Wertheimer(1880-1943)

Instructional objectives: What does one learn in his learning, according to Tolman? What is the opinion of Tolman aboutreinforcement and reinforcementexpectancy?

Definition Declarative Knowledge Steps in Learning Declarative Knowledge Designer's Role Phases of Presenting Declarative Knowledge Examples of Learner Acquisition of Declarative Knowledge