Educational Psychology Xianyou He Department of Psychology, South china normal university, Guangzhou, PRC
Educational Psychology Xianyou He Department of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, PRC
Tolmans Learning Theory o Instructional objectives XX What does one learn in his learning according to Tolman? XX What is the opinion of Tolman about reinforcement and reinforcement expectancy?
Tolman’s Learning Theory ⚫ Instructional objectives: ⚫ ※ What does one learn in his learning, according to Tolman? ⚫ ※ What is the opinion of Tolman about reinforcement and reinforcement expectancy?
Tolmans Learning Theory ol. Edward chace tolman. o(1886-1959), American psychologist o Received his M.A. 1912 and Ph. D (1915)degrees at harvard uni o Famous for his learning theory
Tolman’s Learning Theory ⚫ 1. Edward Chace Tolman: ⚫ (1886-1959), American psychologist. ⚫ Received his M.A.(1912) and Ph.D.(1915) degrees at Harvard Uni. ⚫ Famous for his learning theory
Tolman's Learning Theory o2 Maior theoretical notions ●大 What is learned? o xWhat is latent learning? *s reinforcement itself or reinforcement expectancy more important?
Tolman’s Learning Theory ⚫ 2. Major theoretical notions: ⚫ ＊What is learned? ⚫ ＊What is latent learning? ⚫ ＊Is reinforcement itself or reinforcement expectancy more important?
Tolman's Learning Theory o 2. Tolman's learning theory: an overview o a blend of gestalt theory and behaviorism o His main disagreement with the behaviorists was over the unit of behavior to be studied molar behavior(克分子的) or molecular(分子 的) behavior ● Molar behavior are large, intact完整无缺的), meaningful behavior patterns, e.g. a rat running a maze, a man driving home to dinner
Tolman’s Learning Theory ⚫ 2. Tolman’s Learning Theory: an overview ⚫ a blend of Gestalt theory and behaviorism. ⚫ His main disagreement with the behaviorists was over the unit of behavior to be studied. ⚫ molar behavior （克分子的） or molecular （分子 的） behavior? ⚫ Molar behavior are large, intact(完整无缺的）, meaningful behavior patterns,e.g. a rat running a maze, a man driving home to dinner
Tolmans Learning Theory ●(1) What is learned? Cognitive map is a picture of the environment that can be used to get around in it o Learning is essentially a process of discovering what leads to what in the environment
Tolman’s Learning Theory ⚫ (1) What is learned? ⚫ Cognitive map is a picture of the environment that can be used to get around in it. ⚫ Learning is essentially a process of discovering what leads to what in the environment
Tolman's Learning Theory food path A path B path C star
Tolman’s Learning Theory
Tolman's Learning Theory ●(2) Latent learning: Latent learning is learning that is not translated into performance. In other words it is possible for learning to remain dormant for a considerable length of time before it is manifested in behavior ( learning without reinforcement). The empirical evidence from Tolman and Honzik in 1930:
Tolman’s Learning Theory ⚫ (2) Latent learning: ⚫ Latent learning is learning that is not translated into performance. In other words, it is possible for learning to remain dormant for a considerable length of time before it is manifested in behavior.(learning without reinforcement). ⚫ The empirical evidence from Tolman and Honzik in 1930:
Tolman's Learning Theory 10 No Food Reinforcement Until Day 11 8 No Food Reinforcement Regularly Reinforced 1234567891011121314151617 Days
Tolman’s Learning Theory
Tolmans Learning Theory ●(2) Latent learning: o Conclusion reinforcement is a performance variable and not a learning variable
Tolman’s Learning Theory ⚫ (2) Latent learning: ⚫ Conclusion: Reinforcement is a performance variable and not a learning variable