医学细胞生物学是生命科学前沿学科之一，又是医学科学重要的基础学科。本课程从一般性描述、结构与功能和细胞整体生物学特征三个方面阐述细胞生物学基础知识和基本原理，具体内容包括：细胞的分子基础和基本特征、细胞的基本结构、物质运输、信号转导、能量转换、细胞运动、遗传信息流动、细胞增殖、细胞分化、衰老和死亡。 掌握： 内环境与稳态的概念及意义； 人体功能的调节机制及反馈控制系统的概念及意义。 熟悉： 生理学研究的三个水平；生理学的研究方法；基本特征

1.1 计算机应用与工程问题 1.2 工程问题的解决方式 1.3 计算机仿真和辅助设计的基本概念 1.4 仿真的分类 1.5 仿真技术的应用与发展 1.6 计算机仿真软件

16.31 Feedback Control State-Space Systems What are state-space models? Why should we use them? and how do we develop a state-space mode( &ased in classical control design How are they related to the transfer functions What are the basic properties of a state-space model, and how do we analyze these?

Goal: Design a controller K(s so that the system has some desired characteristics. Typical objectives Stabilize the system( Stabilization) Regulate the system about some design point(Regulation Follow a given class of command signals(Tracking) Reduce the response to disturbances(Disturbance Rejection Typically think of closed-loop control > so we would analyze the

课题一 水温控制系统设计 课题二 用8×8点阵显示器制作电子显示屏 课题三 电子万年历的设计与制作

Fall 2001 16.313-1 Introduction Root locus methods have Advantages k Good indicator if transient response k Explicity shows location of all closed-loop poles Trade-offs in the design are fairly clear Disadvantages k Requires a transfer function model(poles and zeros) k Difficult to infer all performance metrics k Hard to determine response to steady-state(sinusoids

Model Uncertain Prior analysis assumed a perfect model. What if the model is in correct= actual system dynamics GA(s)are in one of the sets Multiplicative model G,(s=GN(s(1+E(s)) Additive model Gp(S)=GN(S)+E(s) where

MG!∈R- ORDER5)sT6As RREL丹T(0sHP5 BETWEEN1MER6soN5毛 TAST∈P兵 ND THE POLE LOCAT(0NS心EK ALCULATE0 FoR A SECOND-ORDER SYSTEM GuES60工 NSIGHTS AcTuALLy Gooo APPRoXIMATIONS foR MAwy HIGHER- ORDER SYSTEMS BECAUSE THEIR

适用专业：非机械类及近机械类，自动化、物流工程、物流管理、工程力学、船舶与海 洋工程、测控技术与仪器、制药工程、化学工程与工艺、劳动与社会保障、 复合材料与工程、高分子材料与工程、材料化学、材料物理、环境工程、矿 物加工工程、矿物资源工程、电气工程及自动化、工业设计、给排水工程、 汽车服务工程、应用化学、工业工程、包装工程、材料科学与工程等非机械 类及近机械类各专业

正文题序层次是文章结构的框架。章条序码统一用阿拉伯数字表示，题序层 次可以分为若干级，各级号码之间加一小圆点，末尾一级码的后面不加小圆点， 层次分级一般不超过 4 级为宜，示例如下：