4.1 Hydraulic Motors 4.1.1 Introduction 4.1.2 Operating principle of hydraulic motors 4.1.3 Low-speed motors 4.2 Hydraulic Cylinders 4.2.1 Classification and speed-thrust characteristic 4.2.2 Typical constructions and makeups 4.2.3 Main dimension calculation 4.2.4 Swing cylinders